Substituted acid derivatives useful as antidiabetic and antiobesity agents and method

ABSTRACT

Compounds are provided which have the structure  
                 
 
     wherein Q is C or N, A is O or S, Z is O or a bond, X is CH or N and R 1 , R 2 , R 2a , R 2b , R 2c , R 3 , Y, x, m, and n are as defined herein, which compounds are useful as antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and antiobesity agents.

[0001] This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No.09/664,598, filed Sep. 18, 2000 which application takes priority fromU.S. provisional application No. 60/155,400 filed Sep. 22, 1999.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to novel substituted acidderivatives which modulate blood glucose levels, triglyceride levels,insulin levels and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels, and thus areparticularly useful in the treatment of diabetes and obesity, and to amethod for treating diabetes, especially Type 2 diabetes, as well ashyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity,atherosclerosis and related diseases employing such substituted acidderivatives alone or in combination with another antidiabetic agentand/or a hypolipidemic agent.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0003] In accordance with the present invention, substituted acidderivatives are provided which have the structure I

[0004] wherein x is 1, 2, 3 or 4; m is 1 or 2; n is 1 or 2;

[0005] Q is C or N;

[0006] A is O or S;

[0007] Z is O or a bond;

[0008] R¹ is H or alkyl;

[0009] X is CH or N;

[0010] R² is H, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, amino or substituted amino;

[0011] R^(2a), R^(2b) and R^(2c) may be the same or different and areselected from H, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, amino or substituted amino;

[0012] R³ is H, alkyl, arylalkyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkyloxycarbonyl,alkynyloxycarbonyl, alkenyloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl,aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl(halo)aryloxycarbonyl,alkyloxy(halo)aryloxycarbonyl, cycloalkylaryloxycarbonyl,cycloalkyloxyaryloxycarbonyl, cycloheteroalkyl, heteroarylcarbonyl,heteroaryl-heteroarylalkyl, alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino,heteroarylcarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino,heteroaryloxycarbonylamino, heteroaryl-heteroarylcarbonyl,alkylsulfonyl, alkenylsulfonyl, heteroaryloxycarbonyl,cycloheteroalkyloxycarbonyl, heteroarylalkyl, aminocarbonyl, substitutedaminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, heteroarylalkenyl,cycloheteroalkyl-heteroarylalkyl; hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy,alkoxyaryloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl, alkylaryloxycarbonyl,arylheteroarylalkyl, arylalkylarylalkyl, aryloxyarylalkyl,haloalkoxyaryloxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylaryloxycarbonyl,aryloxyaryloxycarbonyl, arylsulfinylarylcarbonyl, arylthioarylcarbonyl,alkoxycarbonylaryloxycarbonyl, arylalkenyloxycarbonyl,heteroaryloxyarylalkyl, aryloxyarylcarbonyl,aryloxyarylalkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkenyloxycarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl,aryloxyalkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkylsulfonyl, arylthiocarbonyl,arylalkenylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, alkoxyarylalkyl,heteroarylalkoxycarbonyl, arylheteroarylalkyl, alkoxyarylcarbonyl,aryloxyheteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkyloxyarylalkyl, arylarylalkyl,arylalkenylarylalkyl, arylalkoxyarylalkyl, arylcarbonylarylalkyl,alkylaryloxyarylalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonylheteroarylalkyl,heteroarylarylalkyl, arylcarbonylheteroarylalkyl,heteroaryloxyarylalkyl, arylalkenylheteroarylalkyl, arylaminoarylalkyl,aminocarbonylarylarylalkyl;

[0013] Y is CO₂R⁴ (where R⁴ is H or alkyl, or a prodrug ester) or Y is aC-linked 1-tetrazole, a phosphinic acid of the structureP(O)(OR^(4a))R⁵, (where R^(4a) is H or a prodrug ester, R⁵ is alkyl oraryl) or phosphonic acid of the structure P(O)(OR^(4a))₂, (where R⁴¹ isH or a prodrug ester);

[0014] (CH₂)_(x), (CH₂)_(n) and (CH₂)_(m) may be optionally substitutedwith 1, 2 or 3 substituents;

[0015] including all stereoisomers thereof, prodrug esters thereof, andpharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, with the proviso that

[0016] where X is CH, A is O, Q is C, Z is O, and Y is CO₂R⁴, then R³ isother than H or alkyl containing 1 to 5 carbons in the normal chain.

[0017] Thus, compounds of formula I of the invention may have thestructure

[0018] Preferred are compounds of formula I of the invention having thestructure

[0019] More preferred are compounds of formula I of the invention havingthe structures

[0020] In the above compounds, it is most preferred that R^(2a) isalkoxy, but more preferably H, Z is a bond, but more preferably O,(CH₂)_(x) is CH₂, (CH₂)₂, (CH₂)₃, or

[0021] (CH₂)_(m) is CH₂, or

[0022] (where R^(a) is alkyl such as methyl, or alkenyl such as

[0023] ), (CH₂)_(n) is CH₂, R¹ is lower alkyl, preferably —CH₃, R² is H,R^(2a) is H, R⁴ is H, X is CH, and R³ is arylalkyloxycarbonyl,arylheteroarylalkyl, aryloxyarylalkyl, arylalkyl, aryloxycarbonyl,haloaryloxycarbonyl, alkoxyaryloxycarbonyl, alkylaryloxycarbonyl,aryloxyaryloxycarbonyl, heteroaryloxyarylalkyl, heteroaryloxycarbonyl,aryloxyarylcarbonyl, arylalkenyloxycarbonyl, cycloalkylaryloxycarbonyl,arylalkylarylcarbonyl, heteroaryl-heteroarylalkyl,cycloalkyloxyaryloxycarbonyl, heteroarylheteroarylcarbonyl,alkyloxyaryloxycarbonyl, arylalkylsulfonyl, arylalkenylsulfonyl,alkoxyarylalkyl, arylthiocarbonyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyloxycarbonyl,cycloheteroalkyloxycarbonyl, or polyhaloalkylaryloxycarbonyl, whereinthe above preferred groups may be optionally substituted.

[0024] Preferred compounds of the invention include the following:

[0025] In addition, in accordance with the present invention, a methodis provided for treating diabetes, especially Type 2 diabetes, andrelated diseases such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia,hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood levels of fatty acids or glycerol,hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, inflammation, Syndrome X,diabetic complications, dysmetabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, andrelated diseases wherein a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of structure I is administered to a human patient in need oftreatment.

[0026] In addition, in accordance with the present invention, a methodis provided for treating early malignant lesions (such as ductalcarcinoma in situ of the breast and lobular carcinoma in situ of thebreast), premalignant lesions (such as fibroadenoma of the breast andprostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), liposarcomas and variousother epithelial tumors (including breast, prostate, colon, ovarian,gastric and lung), irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, gastriculceritis, and osteoporosis and proliferative diseases such aspsoriasis, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of a compound ofstructure I is administered to a human patient in need of treatment.

[0027] In addition, in accordance with the present invention, a methodis provided for treating diabetes and related diseases as defined aboveand hereinafter, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of acombination of a compound of structure I and another type antidiabeticagent and/or a hypolipidemic agent, and/or lipid modulating agent and/orother type of therapeutic agent, is administered to a human patient inneed of treatment.

[0028] In the above methods of the invention, the compound of structureI will be employed in a weight ratio to the antidiabetic agent(depending upon its mode of operation) within the range from about0.01:1 to about 100:1, preferably from about 0.5:1 to about 10:1.

[0029] The conditions, diseases, and maladies collectively referenced toas “Syndrome X” or Dysmetabolic Syndrome are detailed in Johannsson J.Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 727-734 (1997) and other publications.

[0030] The term “diabetes and related diseases” refers to Type IIdiabetes, Type I diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, obesity,hyperglycemia, Syndrome X, dysmetabolic syndrome, diabetic complicationsand hyperinsulinemia.

[0031] The conditions, diseases and maladies collectively referred to as“diabetic complications” include retinopathy, neuropathy andnephropathy, and other known complications of diabetes.

[0032] The term “other type(s) of therapeutic agents” as employed hereinrefers to one or more antidiabetic agents (other than compounds offormula I), one or more anti-obesity agents, and/or one or morelipid-lowering agents, one or more lipid modulating agents (includinganti-atherosclerosis agents), and/or one or more antiplatelet agents,one or more agents for treating hypertension, one or more anti-cancerdrugs, one or more agents for treating arthritis, one or moreanti-osteoporosis agents, one or more anti-obesity agents, one or moreagents for treating immunomodulatory diseases, and/or one or more agentsfor treating anorexia nervosa.

[0033] The term “lipid-modulating” agent as employed herein refers toagents which lower LDL and/or raise HDL and/or lower triglyceridesand/or lower total cholesterol and/or other known mechanisms fortherapeutically treating lipid disorders.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0034] The compounds of the formula I of the present invention may beprepared according to the following general synthetic schemes, as wellas relevant published literature procedures that are used by one skilledin the art. Exemplary reagents and procedures for these reactions appearhereinafter and in the working Examples. Protection and deprotection inthe Schemes below may be carried out by procedures generally known inthe art (see, for example, Greene, T. W. and Wuts, P. G. M., ProtectingGroups in Organic Synthesis, 3^(rd) Edition, 1999 [Wiley]).

[0035] Scheme 1 describes a general synthesis of the amino acidsdescribed in this invention. An alcohol II (R⁵(CH₂)_(x)OH) (of which themost favored is 2-phenyl-5-methyl-oxazole-4-ethanol) is coupled with ahydroxy aryl- or heteroaryl-aldehyde III (preferably 3- or4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) under standard Mitsunobu reaction conditions(e.g. Mitsunobu, O., Synthesis, 1981, 1). The resulting aldehyde IV isthen subjected to reductive amination using procedures known in theliterature (e.g. Abdel-Magid et al, J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3849) withan α-amino ester hydrochloride V. PG in Scheme 1 denotes a preferredcarboxylic acid protecting group, such as a methyl or tert-butyl ester.The resulting secondary amino-ester VI is then subjected to a secondreductive amination using methods known in the literature (e.g.Abdel-Magid et al, J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3849) with an R^(3a) aldehydeVII. Final deprotection of the carboxylic acid ester under standardconditions known in the literature (Greene) utilizing basic conditions(for methyl esters) or acidic conditions (for tert-butyl esters) thenfurnishes the desired amino acid products ID.

[0036] An alternative route to the aldehyde IV is shown in Scheme 1A.The alcohol II (R⁵(CH₂)_(n)OH) (of which the most favored is2-[2-phenyl-5-methyl-oxazole-4-yl]-ethanol) is treated withmethanesulfonyl chloride to give the corresponding mesylate VIII. Themesylate is then alkylated under standard basic conditions with ahydroxyaryl or hydroxyheteroaryl aldehyde III to furnish the aldehydeIV.

[0037] An alternative route to the amino acids IF is shown in Scheme 2.The secondary amino-ester VI is deprotected under standard conditions(basic conditions if the protecting group (PG) is methyl; acidicconditions if PG is tert-butyl) to furnish the corresponding amino acidIE. Reductive amination with an R^(3a) aldehyde under analogousconditions as described in Scheme 1 furnishes the desired tertiary aminoacid products IF.

[0038] Alternatively, as shown in Scheme 3, the tertiary amino acids IFmay also be obtained by alkylation of the secondary amino-ester VI withan alkylating agent IX (with an appropriate leaving group (LG) such ashalide, mesylate, or tosylate) under standard conditions known in theart followed again by standard deprotection of the carboxylic acid esterX to provide the amino acids IF.

[0039] As shown in Scheme 4, the tertiary amino acid IF may also beassembled through reductive amination first of the R^(3a) aldehyde XIwith an appropriate amine ester hydrochloride V. The resulting secondaryamine-ester XII then is subjected to reductive amination with theappropriate alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl aldehyde IV (as in Scheme 1)followed by deprotection of the carboxylic acid ester to give thedesired amino acid analogs IF.

[0040] For further substituted amino acids, a general synthetic schemeis shown in Scheme 5. Reductive amination of an appropriate amine XIIIwith an aryl or heteroaryl aldehyde XIV under standard conditionsfurnishes the corresponding secondary amine XV, which is then reactedwith a halide-ester XVI (e.g. tert-butyl bromoacetate) to furnish thecorresponding α-amino ester XVII. This amine-ester XVII is thendeprotected under standard conditions to provide the desired amino acidanalogs IF.

[0041] The synthetic route in Scheme 5 also provides a general schemefor the synthesis of the corresponding aminophosphonic acids IFA, asillustrated in Scheme 5a.

[0042] The secondary amine XV is reacted with an appropriately protectedhalide-phosphonate XVIA to provide the corresponding aminophosphonateester XVIIA, which is then deprotected under standard conditions (Greene& Wuts) to furnish the amino phosphonic acid IFA. Scheme 5b illustratesthe synthesis of the aminophosphinic acids IFB, which again involves thereaction of an appropriately protected halide-phosphinate ester XVIBwith the secondary amine XV. Deprotection of the resultingaminophosphinate ester then provides the phosphinic acid IFB.

[0043] An alternative to the sequence in Scheme 5 is shown in Scheme 6.A hydroxyaryl or heteroaryl amine XVIII is selectively protected onnitrogen to provide protected amine XIX. A preferred R⁵(CH₂)_(n)OH (II)is then reacted with XIX under Mitsunobu conditions to provide thecorresponding ether, followed by deprotection of the amine, to form thefree amine XX. The free amine XX is then activated with a standardactivating group (2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide; T. Fukuyama et al,Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 5831) and is then treated with an α-haloester XVI as in Scheme 5. The 2,4 dinitrobenzenesulfonamide XXI isdeprotected under literature conditions (T. Fukuyama et al, TetrahedronLett., 1997, 38, 5831) to furnish a secondary α-amino-ester XXII whichis then subjected to a reductive amination with an R^(3a) aldehyde XIfollowed by deprotection of the ester X to furnish the desired analogsIF.

[0044] Scheme 7 describes an alternative general route to the amino acidanalogs IG. A hydroxyaryl or heteroaryl aldehyde III is subjected to theusual reductive amination conditions with an appropriate amine-esterhydrochloride V. The resulting secondary amine-ester XXIII isfunctionalized, in this case by a second reductive amination with anR^(3a) aldehyde VII to furnish the corresponding hydroxy tertiaryamine-ester XXIV.

[0045] This can now undergo a Mitsunobu reaction with a preferredalcohol II (R⁵(CH₂)_(n)OH) which followed by deprotection of the esterXXV furnishes the desired analogs IG.

[0046] Scheme 8 describes a general synthesis of diaryl andaryl-heteroaryl-substituted amino acid analogs IH. The secondaryamine-ester XXII undergoes reductive amination with an appropriatelysubstituted formyl phenyl boronic acid XXVI under standard conditions togive the corresponding tertiary amine-ester boronic acid XXVII. The arylboronic acid XXVII can then undergo a Suzuki coupling (e.g. conditionsas described in Gibson, S. E., Transition Metals in Organic Synthesis, APractical Approach, pp. 47-50, 1997) with aryl or heteroaryl halidesXXVIII (especially bromides) to furnish the appropriate cross-couplingdiaryl products XXIX. Deprotection of the amine-ester XXIX generates thedesired amino acid analogs IH.

[0047] Scheme 9 describes a general synthesis of diaryl andaryl-heteroaryl ether-substituted amino acid analogs IJ. The tertiaryamine-ester boronic acid XXVII which is described in Scheme 8 can becoupled with appropriately substituted phenols XXX under literatureconditions (D. A. Evans et al, Tetrahedron Lett., 1998, 39, 2937) tofurnish the appropriate diaryl or aryl-heteroaryl ethers XXXI, whichafter deprotection afford the desired amino acid analogs IJ.

[0048] Alternatively, as shown in Scheme 10, reductive amination of thesecondary amine-ester XXII with an appropriately substituted hydroxyarylor hydroxyheteroaryl aldehyde XXXII furnishes the correspondingphenol-tertiary amine-ester XXXIII. The phenol XXXIII can then undergocoupling with appropriate aryl or heteroaryl boronic acids XXXIV underliterature conditions (D. A. Evans et al, Tetrahedron Lett., 1998, 39,2937) to furnish the corresponding diaryl or arylheteroaryl ether-aminoesters XXXI. The desired analogs IJ are then obtained after deprotectionof the amine-ester XXXI.

[0049] Scheme 11 illustrates the synthesis of the carbamate-acid analogsIK. The secondary amine-ester XXII can be reacted with appropriatechloroformates XXXV under standard literature conditions (optimally inCH₂Cl₂ or CHCl₃ in the presence of a base such as Et₃N) to furnish thecorresponding carbamate-esters. The requisite analogs IK are thenobtained after deprotection of the carbamate-ester. Alternatively, thesecondary amine-ester XXII can be reacted with phosgene to generate thecorresponding carbamyl chloride XXXVI. This carbamyl chlorideintermediate XXXVI can be reacted with R^(3a) —OH (XXXVII)(optimallysubstituted phenols) to afford the corresponding carbamate-acids IKafter deprotection.

[0050] Scheme 12 illustrates the further functionalization of arylcarbamate-acid analogs IK. The secondary amine-ester XXII is reactedwith an aryl chloroformate XXXVIII (containing a protected hydroxylgroup) to form XXXIX. The hydroxyl group is then selectively deprotectedin the presence of the ester functionality to provide XL, then alkylatedwith an appropriate R⁶-LG (XLI) (where LG is halide, mesylate ortosylate, and R⁶ is most preferably CHF₂—, or CH₃CH₂—) in the presenceof base. Deprotection of the ester then furnishes the desiredcarbamate-acid analogs IL.

[0051] The secondary amine-ester XXIIA can be functionalized withsubstituted aryl or aliphatic carboxylic acids XLII, under standardpeptide coupling conditions, as illustrated in Scheme 13. The amidebond-forming reactions are conducted under standard peptide couplingprocedures known in the art. Optimally, the reaction is conducted in asolvent such as DMF at 0° C. to RT using1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDAC or EDCI or WSC),1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT) or 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAT) anda base, for example Hunig's base (diisopropylethylamine), N-methylmorpholine or triethylamine. Deprotection of the amide-ester thenfurnishes the desired amide-acid analogs IM.

[0052] The secondary amine-ester XXIIA can also be reacted withaliphatic or aryl isocyanates XLIII to provide the correspondingurea-esters. Deprotection of the urea-ester provides the desiredurea-acid analogs IN, as shown in Scheme 14. Alternatively, as shown inScheme 15, the carbamyl chloride intermediate XXXVI described in Scheme11 can be reacted with appropriate aliphatic or aryl amines XLIV in thepresence of a tertiary amine (e.g.

[0053] Et₃N) to furnish tri- or tetrasubstituted urea-acid analogs IO orIP after deprotection of the ester.

[0054] The secondary amine-ester XXIIA can also be reacted withappropriate sulfonyl chlorides XLVI under standard literature conditions(optimally in the presence of a base such as pyridine, either neat orusing chloroform as a co-solvent), followed by deprotection, to providethe corresponding sulfonamide-acids IQ, as shown in Scheme 16.

[0055] Replacement of the carboxylic acid functionality in these analogswith tetrazole can be achieved as shown in Scheme 17. An acid analog IKis coupled with an amine (containing an appropriate tetrazole protectinggroup) XLVII (preferably 3-amino propionitrile) under standard peptidecoupling conditions. The resulting secondary amide XLVIII is thensubjected to a Mitsunobu reaction under standard conditions withtrimethylsilyl azide (TMSN₃) to form the protected tetrazole XLIX.

[0056] Deprotection of the cyanoethyl group is achieved preferentiallyin the presence of base to generate the desired free tetrazole analogIR. Scheme 18 describes a general synthesis of the hydrazide-acidanalogs IS. A substituted aryl carboxylic acid 1 is treated withmethanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of base; the intermediate isthen reacted with a protected hydrazine-ester VA to give thecorresponding acylated hydrazine 1a (ref: Synthesis, 1989, 745-747).

[0057] The acylhydrazine 1a is coupled with an appropriately substitutedaryl aldehyde IV under reductive amination conditions to give thecorresponding protected hydrazide ester 3 (ref: Can. J. Chem., 1998, 76,1180-1187). Deprotection of the ester 3 then furnishes thehydrazide-acid analogs IS.

[0058] An alternative synthetic approach to hydrazide-acids IS is shownin Scheme 19. An aryl aldehyde IV can be reduced to the correspondingalcohol under standard conditions (e.g NaBH₄). This alcohol is thenconverted to the corresponding bromide 4 using standard conditions (e.g.Ph₃P/CBr₄ or PBr₃). The bromide 4 is then reacted with thehydrazine-ester 1a (ref: Tetrahedron Lett., 1993, 34, 207-210) tofurnish the protected hydrazide-ester 3, which is then deprotected togive the hydrazide-acid analogs IS.

[0059] The different approaches to the preparation of the α-alkylbenzylamino acid and carbamate-acid analogs IT and IU are exemplified in thefollowing synthetic schemes. In Scheme 20 an appropriately substitutedaryl aldehyde IV is treated with a suitable organometallic reagent (e.g.a Grignard reagent R¹⁰MgBr) under standard conditions to give thecorresponding secondary alcohol, which is then oxidized under standardconditions (e.g. Swern oxidation with (COCl)₂/DMSO/Et₃N or usingpyridinium chlorochromate) to give the corresponding ketone 5. Reductiveamination of the ketone 5 with an appropriately substituted amino-ester6 provides the corresponding α-alkylbenzyl amino-ester 7. It will beunderstood that in the amino ester 6, the moiety

[0060] does not necessarily represent two repeating units.

[0061] Acylation of amino-ester 7 with an appropriately substituted arylor heteroaryl chloroformate XXXV followed by deprotection provides theracemic carbamate-acid analogs IT. Reductive amination of alkylbenzylamino-ester 7 with aryl aldehyde VII followed by deprotection providesthe racemic amino-acid analogs IU.

[0062] Alternatively, as shown in Scheme 21, asymmetric reduction (e.g.using the Corey oxazaborolidine reduction protocol; review: E. J. Corey& C. Helal, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1998, 37, 1986-2012.) of thearyl-ketone provides each of the desired enantiomeric alcohols 8(although only one enantiomer is represented in the scheme). Treatmentof the chiral alcohol 8 with azide in a Mitsunobu-like reaction (ref: A.S. Thompson et. al., J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 5886-5888) gives thecorresponding chiral azide (with inverted stereochemistry from thestarting alcohol). The azide is then converted to the amine 9 bystandard reduction methods (e.g. hydrogenation or Ph₃P/THF/H₂O).Treatment of the chiral amine 9 with an ester XVIA (containing anappropriate leaving group) provides the secondary amino-ester 10.Acylation of amino-ester 10 with an aryl or heteroaryl chloroformateXXXV followed by deprotection provides the chiral carbamate-acid analogsITa (which may be either enantiomer depending upon the stereochemistryof 8). Reductive amination of alkyl amino-ester 10 with aryl aldehydesVII followed by deprotection provides the chiral amino-acid analogs IUa(which may be either enantiomer depending upon the stereochemistry of8).

[0063] An alternative to Scheme 21 is shown in Scheme 22. Anappropriately protected oxyaryl ketone 11 undergoes asymmetric reductionto give the chiral alcohol 12. This is converted to the chiral amine 13via the identical sequence as in Scheme 21 (via the chiral azide).Treatment of the chiral amine 13 with an ester XVIA (LG=halogen ormesylate) gives the corresponding secondary amino-ester 14. Acylation of14 with an aryl or heteroaryl chloroformate XXXV provides thecorresponding carbamate-ester. Selective deprotection furnishes the freephenol carbamate-ester 15. Alkylation of the phenol 15 with a halide ormesylate VIII followed by deprotection provides the carbamate-acidanalogs ITa. An analogous sequence (involving reductive amination of thesecondary amino-ester 14 with an aryl or heteroaryl aldehyde VII, thenselective deprotection, alkylation with VIII and a final deprotection)provides the amino acid analogs IUa.

[0064] It will be appreciated that either the (R)- or (S)-enantiomer ofITa or IUa may be synthesized in Schemes 21 and 22, depending upon thechirality of the reducing agent employed.

[0065] A fourth synthetic sequence is shown in Scheme 23. Thesubstituted aldehyde IV is condensed with an amino-ester hydrochloride 6to give the corresponding imine 16, which is then treated in situ withan appropriately substituted allylic halide 17 in the presence of indiummetal (reference: Loh, T.-P., et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38,865-868) to give the α-allyl benzyl amino-ester 18. Acylation of amine18 with an aryl or heteroaryl chloroformate XXXV followed bydeprotection provides the carbamate-acid analogs Iv. Reductive aminationof alkyl amino-ester 18 with an aryl or heteroaryl aldehyde VII followedby deprotection provides the amino-acid analogs IW.

[0066] Scheme 24 shows the preparation of the required intermediate2-aryl-5-methyl-oxazol-4-yl methyl chloride 21 (following the generalprocedure described in Malamas, M. S., et al, J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39,237-245). A substituted aryl aldehyde 19 is condensed withbutane-2,3-dione mono-oxime under acidic conditions to give thecorresponding oxazole N-oxide 20. Deoxygenation of the oxazole N-oxide20 with concomitant chlorination furnishes the desired chloromethylaryl-oxazoles 21. Hydrolysis of chloromethyl oxazole 21 under basicconditions furnishes the corresponding oxazole-methanol 22. Oxidation ofalcohol 22 to the corresponding aldehyde is followed by conversion tothe corresponding dibromoalkene 23 (e.g. Ph₃P/CBr₄). The dibromide 23 isconverted to the corresponding alkynyl-lithium species (using anorganolithium reagent such as n-BuLi), which can be reacted in situ withan appropriate electrophile such as formaldehyde to give thecorresponding acetylenic alcohol (ref: Corey, E. J., et al., TetrahedronLett. 1972, 3769, or Gangakhedkar, K. K., Synth. Commun. 1996, 26,1887-1896). This alcohol can then be converted to the correspondingmesylate 24 and alkylated with an appropriate phenol 25 to provideanalogs Ix. Further stereoselective reduction (e.g. H₂/Lindlar'scatalyst) provides the E- or Z-alkenyl analogs IY.

[0067] Scheme 25 describes a general synthesis of the amino-benzoxazoleanalogs IZ (general ref: Sato, Y., et al, J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41,3015-3021). An appropriately substituted ortho-aminophenol 26 is treatedwith CS₂ in the presence of base to furnish the correspondingmercapto-benzoxazole 27. Treatment of this thiol 27 with an appropriatechlorinating agent (e.g. PCl) provides the key intermediatechlorobenzoxazole 28, which is reacted with the secondary amino-ester VIto furnish, after deprotection, the amino benzoxazole-acid analogs IZ.

[0068] The thiazole analogs IZa were synthesized according to thegeneral synthetic route outlined in Scheme 26 (ref. Collins, J. L., etal., J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 5037). The secondary amino-ester XXIII isreacted with an aryl or heteroaryl chloroformate XXXV in the presence ofan appropriate base (e.g. pyridine or triethylamine) to furnish thecorresponding hydroxyaryl carbamate-ester 29. The hydroxyaryl ester 29is then reacted with an appropriately substituted α-bromo vinyl ketone29a (for S₃═CH₃, e.g. Weyerstahl, P., et. al., Flavour Fragr. J., 1998,13, 177 or Sokolov, N. A., et al., Zh. Org. Khim., 1980, 16, 281-283) inthe presence of an appropriate base (e.g. K₂CO₃) to give thecorresponding Michael reaction adduct, the α-bromoketone carbamate-ester30. The α-bromoketone 30 is then subjected to a condensation reactionwith an appropriately substituted aryl amide 31 (A═O) or aryl thioamide31 (A═S) to furnish either the corresponding oxazole (from the amide) orthe thiazole (from the thioamide) (ref: Malamas, M. S., et al, J. Med.Chem., 1996, 39, 237-245). Finally, deprotection of esters 31 thenprovides the substituted oxazole and thiazole carbamate acid analogsIZa.

[0069] It will be appreciated that in the following schemes where thecarbamate-acid analogs are prepared, the corresponding amino acidanalogs may also be prepared by replacing the chloroformate reactionwith an aldehyde in a reductive amination reaction (as in Scheme 20 withintermediate amine 7).

[0070] Scheme 27 describes a general synthesis of the acids IZb and IZc.A halo-substituted aryl aldehyde 32 (preferably iodide or bromide) issubjected to reductive amination using procedures known in theliterature (e.g. Abdel-Magid et al, J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3849) withan α-amino acid ester hydrochloride V. The resulting secondaryamino-ester 33 is then reacted with an aryl or heteroaryl chloroformateXXXV in the presence of an appropriate base (e.g. pyridine ortriethylamine) to furnish the corresponding halo-aryl carbamate-ester34. Aryl halide 34 is then reacted with an appropriate aryl- orheteroaryl-substituted acetylene 35 (the preferred acetylene being5-phenyl-2-methyl-oxazol-4-yl-methylacetylene) in the presence of anappropriate palladium catalyst (e.g. (Ph₃P)₂PdCl₂) and a copper (I) salt(e.g. CuI) in a Sonogashira coupling reaction (ref: OrganocopperReagents, a Practical Approach, R. J. K. Taylor, Ed., Chapter 10, pp217-236, Campbell, I. B., Oxford University Press, 1994) to furnish thekey intermediate, arylacetylene carbamate ester 36.

[0071] The arylacetylene ester 36 is deprotected to provide thecorresponding arylacetylene acid analogs IZb. The acetylene moiety of 36can be reduced by standard methods (e.g. hydrogenation, ref: M.Hudlicky, Reductions in Organic Chemistry, 2nd Edition, ACS, 1996,Chapter 1) to furnish the corresponding fully saturated alkyl arylcarbamate ester, which is then deprotected to give the alkyl arylcarbamate acid analogs IZc.

[0072] Stereoselective reduction of the acetylene ester 36 by standardmethods (e.g. Lindlar's catalyst; ref: Preparation of Alkenes, APractical Approach, J. J. Williams, Ed., Chapter 6, pp 117-136, OxfordUniversity Press, 1996) can be achieved to provide the correspondingcis-alkenyl aryl carbamate-ester, which is then deprotected to furnishthe Z-alkenyl aryl carbamate acid analogs IZd (Scheme 28).Alternatively, this sequence can be reversed, i.e. the initial stepbeing the deprotection of acetylenic ester 36 to the acetylenic acid,followed by stereoselective reduction of the acetylene moiety to providethe Z-alkene-acid analogs IZd.

[0073] The corresponding trans-alkenyl aryl carbamate acids IZe can besynthesized according to the general route in Scheme 29. An aryl- orheteroaryl-acetylene 35 (the preferred moiety again being5-phenyl-2-methyl-oxazol-4-yl-methylacetylene) is halogenated understandard conditions (ref: Boden, C. D. J. et al., J. Chem. Soc. PerkinTrans. 1,1996, 2417; or Lu, W. et. al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39,9521) to give the corresponding halo-acetylene, which is then convertedto the corresponding trans-alkenyl stannane 37 (ref: Boden, C. D. J., J.Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. I, 1996, 2417). This aryl- orheteroaryl-substituted trans-alkenyl stannane 37 is then coupled withthe halo-aryl carbamate ester 34 under standard Stille couplingconditions (ref: Farina, V. et. al., “The Stille Reaction”, OrganicReactions, 1997, 50, 1) to furnish the corresponding trans-alkenyl arylcarbamate ester 38. This carbamate-ester is then deprotected understandard conditions to give the desired trans-alkenyl aryl carbamateacid analogs IZe.

[0074] The corresponding cyclopropyl analogs IZf and IZg are synthesizedaccording to Scheme 30. For the cis- or (Z-) cyclopropyl analogs,stereoselective reduction (H₂/Lindlar's catalyst) of the alkynyl moietyof intermediate alknyl ester 36 (as for analogs IZd), followed bycyclopropanation under standard conditions (Zhao, Y., et al, J. Org.Chem. 1995, 60, 5236-5242) and finally deprotection provides thecis-cyclopropyl carbamate-acid analogs IZf. For the trans-cyclopropylanalogs IF, analogous cyclopropanation of the E-alkene moiety ofintermediate 38 followed by deprotection provides the trans-cyclopropylcarbamate-acid analogs IZg.

[0075] A preferred alternative asymmetric synthesis of ITa (Scheme 21)is shown in Scheme 31. Protection of a chiral amine 39 (with the phenolprotected), preferably as a carbamate, provides intermediate 40. Removalof the phenolic protecting group of 40 provides the free phenol 41.Alkylation of phenol 41 with the mesylate VIII furnishes the protectedamine 42. Deprotection of this amine then furnishes the key intermediatesecondary amino-ester 9, which is then carried on to analogs ITa and IUaaccording to Scheme 21.

[0076] A preferred asymmetric synthesis of analogs IIA is shown inScheme 32. The aldehyde IV is subjected to standard Wittig reactionconditions (ref: Preparation of Alkenes, a Practical Approach, J. J.Williams, Ed., Chapter 2, pp 19-58) to furnish the alkene 43. Asymmetricaminohydroxylation according to known literature procedures (ref:O'Brien, P., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1999, 38, 326 and Reddy, K. L., andSharpless, K. B., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 1207) furnishes thedesired amino-alcohol 44 as a single enantiomer. Selective protection ofthe amine provides the alcohol 45. Alcohol 45 is then converted to theintermediate 46, which contains a suitable leaving group (either ahalide or a mesylate) for the subsequent cuprate reaction. Reaction ofan appropriate higher-order cuprate (ref: L. A. Paquette, Ed., OrganicReactions, 1992, Vol. 41, J. Wiley & Sons) with the protected aminesubstrate 46 provides the coupled protected amine 47. Deprotection ofthe amine functionality of 47, followed by reaction with an ester XVIA(LG=halogen or mesylate), furnishes the corresponding secondaryamino-ester 48. Acylation of 48 with an aryl or heteroaryl chloroformateXXXV provides the corresponding carbamate-ester, which is thendeprotected to furnish the carbamate-acid analogs IIA.

[0077] In this and the following Reaction Schemes:

[0078] Alternative Scheme 1A for Preparing Aldehyde IV

[0079] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “lower alkyl”, “alkyl” or“alk” as employed herein alone or as part of another group includes bothstraight and branched chain hydrocarbons, containing 1 to 20 carbons,preferably 1 to 10 carbons, more preferably 1 to 8 carbons, in thenormal chain, and may optionally include an oxygen or nitrogen in thenormal chain, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl,isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, 4,4-dimethylpentyl, octyl,2,2,4-trimethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, the variousbranched chain isomers thereof, and the like as well as such groupsincluding 1 to 4 substituents such as halo, for example F, Br, Cl or Ior CF₃, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, aryl(aryl) or diaryl, arylalkyl,arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxy,amino, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, acyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy,cycloheteroalkyl, arylheteroaryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, heteroarylalkyl,heteroarylalkoxy, aryloxyalkyl, aryloxyaryl, alkylamido, alkanoylamino,arylcarbonylamino, nitro, cyano, thiol, haloalkyl, trihaloalkyl and/oralkylthio and/or any of the R³ groups.

[0080] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “cycloalkyl” as employedherein alone or as part of another group includes saturated or partiallyunsaturated (containing 1 or 2 double bonds) cyclic hydrocarbon groupscontaining 1 to 3 rings, including monocyclicalkyl, bicyclicalkyl andtricyclicalkyl, containing a total of 3 to 20 carbons forming the rings,preferably 3 to 10 carbons, forming the ring and which may be fused to 1or 2 aromatic rings as described for aryl, which include cyclopropyl,cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyland cyclododecyl, cyclohexenyl,

[0081] any of which groups may be optionally substituted with 1 to 4substituents such as halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, aryl, aryloxy,arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylamido, alkanoylamino, oxo, acyl,arylcarbonylamino, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol and/or alkylthio and/orany of the substituents for alkyl.

[0082] The term “cycloalkenyl” as employed herein alone or as part ofanother group refers to cyclic hydrocarbons containing 3 to 12 carbons,preferably 5 to 10 carbons and 1 or 2 double bonds. Exemplarycycloalkenyl groups include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl,cyclooctenyl, cyclohexadienyl, and cycloheptadienyl, which may beoptionally substituted as defined for cycloalkyl.

[0083] The term “cycloalkylene” as employed herein refers to a“cycloalkyl” group which includes free bonds and thus is a linking groupsuch as

[0084] and the like, and may optionally be substituted as defined abovefor “cycloalkyl”.

[0085] The term “alkanoyl”, as used herein alone or as part of anothergroup refers to alkyl linked to a carbonyl group.

[0086] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “lower alkenyl” or “alkenyl”as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to straightor branched chain radicals of 2 to 20 carbons, preferably 2 to 12carbons, and more preferably 1 to 8 carbons in the normal chain, whichinclude one to six double bonds in the normal chain, and may optionallyinclude an oxygen or nitrogen in the normal chain, such as vinyl,2-propenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 4-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl,3-hexenyl, 2-heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4-heptenyl, 3-octenyl, 3-nonenyl,4-decenyl, 3-undecenyl, 4-dodecenyl, 4,8,12-tetradecatrienyl, and thelike, and which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents,namely, halogen, haloalkyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, amino, hydroxy, heteroaryl, cycloheteroalkyl,alkanoylamino, alkylamido, arylcarbonylamino, nitro, cyano, thiol,alkylthio and/or any of the substituents for alkyl set out herein.

[0087] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “lower alkynyl” or “alkynyl”as used herein by itself or as part of another group refers to straightor branched chain radicals of 2 to 20 carbons, preferably 2 to 12carbons and more preferably 2 to 8 carbons in the normal chain, whichinclude one triple bond in the normal chain, and may optionally includean oxygen or nitrogen in the normal chain, such as 2-propynyl,3-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 4-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl,2-heptynyl, 3-heptynyl, 4-heptynyl, 3-octynyl, 3-nonynyl,4-decynyl,3-undecynyl, 4-dodecynyl and the like, and which may beoptionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents, namely, halogen,haloalkyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl,amino, heteroaryl, cycloheteroalkyl, hydroxy, alkanoylamino, alkylamido,arylcarbonylamino, nitro, cyano, thiol, and/or alkylthio, and/or any ofthe substituents for alkyl set out herein.

[0088] The terms “arylalkenyl” and “arylalkynyl” as used alone or aspart of another group refer to alkenyl and alkynyl groups as describedabove having an aryl substituent.

[0089] Where alkyl groups as defined above have single bonds forattachment to other groups at two different carbon atoms, they aretermed “alkylene” groups and may optionally be substituted as definedabove for “alkyl”.

[0090] Where alkenyl groups as defined above and alkynyl groups asdefined above, respectively, have single bonds for attachment at twodifferent carbon atoms, they are termed “alkenylene groups” and“alkynylene groups”, respectively, and may optionally be substituted asdefined above for “alkenyl” and “alkynyl”.

[0091] (CH₂)_(x), (CH₂)_(m), (CH₂)_(n) or (CH₂)_(y) includes alkylene,allenyl, alkenylene or alkynylene groups, as defined herein, each ofwhich may optionally include an oxygen or nitrogen in the normal chain,which may optionally include 1, 2, or 3 substituents which includealkyl, alkenyl, halogen, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, thioalkyl, keto,C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, alkylcarbonylamino or alkylcarbonyloxy; the alkylsubstituent may be an alkylene moiety of 1 to 4 carbons which may beattached to one or two carbons in the (CH₂)_(x) or (CH₂)_(m) or(CH₂)_(n) group to form a cycloalkyl group therewith.

[0092] Examples of (CH₂)_(x), (CH₂) m, (CH₂)_(n), (CH₂)_(y), alkylene,alkenylene and alkynylene include

[0093] The term “halogen” or “halo” as used herein alone or as part ofanother group refers to chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and iodine as wellas CF₃, with chlorine or fluorine being preferred.

[0094] The term “metal ion” refers to alkali metal ions such as sodium,potassium or lithium and alkaline earth metal ions such as magnesium andcalcium, as well as zinc and aluminum.

[0095] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “aryl” or the group

[0096] where Q is C, as employed herein alone or as part of anothergroup refers to monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic groups containing 6 to10 carbons in the ring portion (such as phenyl or naphthyl including1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl) and may optionally include one to threeadditional rings fused to a carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring(such as aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or cycloheteroalkyl rings forexample

[0097] and may be optionally substituted through available carbon atomswith 1, 2, or 3 groups selected from hydrogen, halo, haloalkyl, alkyl,haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyl, trifluoromethyl,trifluoromethoxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, cycloheteroalkyl,cycloheteroalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy,aryloxyalkyl, arylalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylalkenyl,aminocarbonylaryl, arylthio, arylsulfinyl, arylazo, heteroarylalkyl,heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylheteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, hydroxy, nitro,cyano, amino, substituted amino wherein the amino includes 1 or 2substituents (which are alkyl, aryl or any of the other aryl compoundsmentioned in the definitions), thiol, alkylthio, arylthio,heteroarylthio, arylthioalkyl, alkoxyarylthio, alkylcarbonyl,arylcarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,aminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkylcarbonylamino,arylcarbonylamino, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylamino orarylsulfonaminocarbonyl and/or any of the substituents for alkyl set outherein.

[0098] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “lower alkoxy”, “alkoxy”,“aryloxy” or “aralkoxy” as employed herein alone or as part of anothergroup includes any of the above alkyl, aralkyl or aryl groups linked toan oxygen atom.

[0099] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “substituted amino” asemployed herein alone or as part of another group refers to aminosubstituted with one or two substituents, which may be the same ordifferent, such as alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl,cycloheteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or thioalkyl. These substituentsmay be further substituted with a carboxylic acid and/or any of thesubstituents for alkyl as set out above. In addition, the aminosubstituents may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached to form 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-azepinyl,4-morpholinyl, 4-thiamorpholinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 4-alkyl-1-piperazinyl,4-arylalkyl-1-piperazinyl, 4-diarylalkyl-1-piperazinyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl,1-piperidinyl, or 1-azepinyl, optionally substituted with alkyl, alkoxy,alkylthio, halo, trifluoromethyl or hydroxy.

[0100] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “lower alkylthio”,alkylthio”, “arylthio” or “aralkylthio” as employed herein alone or aspart of another group includes any of the above alkyl, aralkyl or arylgroups linked to a sulfur atom.

[0101] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “lower alkylamino”,“alkylamino”, “arylamino”, or “arylalkylamino” as employed herein aloneor as part of another group includes any of the above alkyl, aryl orarylalkyl groups linked to a nitrogen atom.

[0102] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “acyl” as employed herein byitself or part of another group, as defined herein, refers to an organicradical linked to a carbonyl

[0103] group; examples of acyl groups include any of the R³ groupsattached to a carbonyl, such as alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, aralkanoyl,heteroaroyl, cycloalkanoyl, cycloheteroalkanoyl and the like.

[0104] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “cycloheteroalkyl” as usedherein alone or as part of another group refers to a 5-, 6- or7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated ring which includes 1 to 2hetero atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur, linked through acarbon atom or a heteroatom, where possible, optionally via the linker(CH₂)_(p) (where p is 1, 2 or 3), such as

[0105] and the like. The above groups may include 1 to 4 substituentssuch as alkyl, halo, oxo and/or any of of the substituents for alkyl oraryl set out herein. In addition, any of the cycloheteroalkyl rings canbe fused to a cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or cycloheteroalkyl ring.

[0106] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “heteroaryl” as used hereinalone or as part of another group refers to a 5- or 6-membered aromaticring including

[0107] where Q is N, which includes 1, 2, 3 or 4 hetero atoms such asnitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, and such rings fused to an aryl, cycloalkyl,heteroaryl or cycloheteroalkyl ring (e.g. benzothiophenyl, indolyl), andincludes possible N-oxides. The heteroaryl group may optionally include1 to 4 substituents such as any of the the substituents for alkyl oraryl set out above. Examples of heteroaryl groups include the following:

[0108] and the like.

[0109] The term “cycloheteroalkylalkyl” as used herein alone or as partof another group refers to cycloheteroalkyl groups as defined abovelinked through a C atom or heteroatom to a (CH₂)_(p) chain.

[0110] The term “heteroarylalkyl” or “heteroarylalkenyl” as used hereinalone or as part of another group refers to a heteroaryl group asdefined above linked through a C atom or heteroatom to a —(CH₂)_(p)—chain, alkylene or alkenylene as defined above.

[0111] The term “polyhaloalkyl” as used herein refers to an “alkyl”group as defined above which includes from 2 to 9, preferably from 2 to5, halo substituents, such as F or Cl, preferably F, such as CF₃CH₂, CF₃or CF₃CF₂CH₂.

[0112] The term “polyhaloalkyloxy” as used herein refers to an “alkoxy”or “alkyloxy” group as defined above which includes from 2 to 9,preferably from 2 to 5, halo substituents, such as F or Cl, preferablyF, such as CF₃CH₂O, CF₃O or CF₃CF₂CH₂O.

[0113] The term “prodrug esters” as employed herein includes prodrugesters which are known in the art for carboxylic and phosphorus acidesters such as methyl, ethyl, benzyl and the like. Other prodrug esterexamples of R⁴ include the following groups: (1-alkanoyloxy)alkyl suchas,

[0114] wherein R^(a), R^(b) and R^(c) are H, alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl;however, R^(a)O cannot be HO.

[0115] Examples of such prodrug esters R⁴ include

[0116] Other examples of suitable prodrug esters R⁴ include

[0117] wherein R^(a) can be H, alkyl (such as methyl or t-butyl),arylalkyl (such as benzyl) or aryl (such as phenyl); R^(d) is H, alkyl,halogen or alkoxy, R^(e) is alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkoxyl, and n₁ is0, 1 or 2.

[0118] Where the compounds of structure I are in acid form they may forma pharmaceutically acceptable salt such as alkali metal salts such aslithium, sodium or potassium, alkaline earth metal salts such as calciumor magnesium as well as zinc or aluminum and other cations such asammonium, choline, diethanolamine, lysine (D or L), ethylenediamine,t-butylamine, t-octylamine, tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS),N-methyl glucosamine (NMG), triethanolamine and dehydroabietylamine.

[0119] All stereoisomers of the compounds of the instant invention arecontemplated, either in admixture or in pure or substantially pure form.The compounds of the present invention can have asymmetric centers atany of the carbon atoms including any one or the R substituents.Consequently, compounds of formula I can exist in enantiomeric ordiastereomeric forms or in mixtures thereof. The processes forpreparation can utilize racemates, enantiomers or diastereomers asstarting materials. When diastereomeric or enantiomeric products areprepared, they can be separated by conventional methods for example,chromatographic or fractional crystallization.

[0120] Where desired, the compounds of structure I may be used incombination with one or more hypolipidemic agents or lipid-loweringagents and/or one or more other types of therapeutic agents includingantidiabetic agents, anti-obesity agents, antihypertensive agents,platelet aggregation inhibitors, and/or anti-osteoporosis agents, whichmay be administered orally in the same dosage form, in a separate oraldosage form or by injection.

[0121] The hypolipidemic agent or lipid-lowering agent which may beoptionally employed in combination with the compounds of formula I ofthe invention may include 1, 2, 3 or more MTP inhibitors, HMG CoAreductase inhibitors, squalene synthetase inhibitors, fibric acidderivatives, ACAT inhibitors, lipoxygenase inhibitors, cholesterolabsorption inhibitors, ileal Na⁺/bile acid cotransporter inhibitors,upregulators of LDL receptor activity, bile acid sequestrants, and/ornicotinic acid and derivatives thereof.

[0122] MTP inhibitors employed herein include MTP inhibitors disclosedin U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,872, U.S. Pat. No. 5,739,135, U.S. Pat. No.5,712,279, U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,246, U.S. Pat. No. 5,827,875, U.S. Pat.No. 5,885,983 and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/175,180 filed Oct. 20,1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,962,440. Preferred are each of the preferredMTP inhibitors disclosed in each of the above patents and applications.

[0123] All of the above U.S. Patents and applications are incorporatedherein by reference.

[0124] Most preferred MTP inhibitors to be employed in accordance withthe present invention include preferred MTP inhibitors as set out inU.S. Pat. Nos. 5,739,135 and 5,712,279, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,246.

[0125] The most preferred MTP inhibitor is9-[4-[4-[[2-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy)benzoyl]amino]-1-piperidinyl]butyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-9H-fluorene-9-carboxamide

[0126] The hypolipidemic agent may be an HMG CoA reductase inhibitorwhich includes, but is not limited to, mevastatin and related compoundsas disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,983,140, lovastatin (mevinolin) andrelated compounds as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,231,938, pravastatinand related compounds such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,346,227,simvastatin and related compounds as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,448,784 and 4,450,171. Other HMG CoA reductase inhibitors which may beemployed herein include, but are not limited to, fluvastatin, disclosedin U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,772, cerivastatin disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,006,530 and 5,177,080, atorvastatin disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,681,893, 5,273,995, 5,385,929 and 5,686,104, itavastatin(Nissan/Sankyo's nisvastatin (NK-104)) disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.5,011,930, Shionogi-Astra/Zeneca visastatin (ZD-4522) disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 5,260,440, and related statin compounds disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 5,753,675, pyrazole analogs of mevalonolactone derivatives asdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,613,610, indene analogs of mevalonolactonederivatives as disclosed in PCT application WO 86/03488,6-[2-(substituted-pyrrol-1-yl)-alkyl)pyran-2-ones and derivativesthereof as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,647,576, Searle's SC-45355 (a3-substituted pentanedioic acid derivative) dichloroacetate, imidazoleanalogs of mevalonolactone as disclosed in PCT application WO 86/07054,3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-propane-phosphonic acid derivatives as disclosed inFrench Patent No. 2,596,393, 2,3-disubstituted pyrrole, furan andthiophene derivatives as disclosed in European Patent Application No.0221025, naphthyl analogs of mevalonolactone as disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 4,686,237, octahydronaphthalenes such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,499,289, keto analogs of mevinolin (lovastatin) as disclosed inEuropean Patent Application No.0,142,146 A2, and quinoline and pyridinederivatives disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,506,219 and 5,691,322.

[0127] In addition, phosphinic acid compounds useful in inhibiting HMGCoA reductase suitable for use herein are disclosed in GB 2205837.

[0128] The squalene synthetase inhibitors suitable for use hereininclude, but are not limited to, α-phosphono-sulfonates disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 5,712,396, those disclosed by Biller et al, J. Med. Chem.,1988, Vol. 31, No. 10, pp 1869-1871, including isoprenoid(phosphinyl-methyl)phosphonates as well as other known squalenesynthetase inhibitors, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,871,721 and 4,924,024 and in Biller, S. A., Neuenschwander, K.,Ponpipom, M. M., and Poulter, C. D., Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2,1-40 (1996).

[0129] In addition, other squalene synthetase inhibitors suitable foruse herein include the terpenoid pyrophosphates disclosed by P. Ortiz deMontellano et al, J. Med. Chem., 1977, 20, 243-249, the farnesyldiphosphate analog A and presqualene pyrophosphate (PSQ-PP) analogs asdisclosed by Corey and Volante, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 1291-1293,phosphinylphosphonates reported by McClard, R. W. et al, J.A.C.S., 1987,109, 5544 and cyclopropanes reported by Capson, T. L., PhD dissertation,June, 1987, Dept. Med. Chem. U of Utah, Abstract, Table of Contents, pp16, 17, 40-43, 48-51, Summary.

[0130] Other hypolipidemic agents suitable for use herein include, butare not limited to, fibric acid derivatives, such as fenofibrate,gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate, ciprofibrate, clinofibrate and thelike, probucol, and related compounds as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.3,674,836, probucol and gemfibrozil being preferred, bile acidsequestrants such as cholestyramine, colestipol and DEAE-Sephadex(Secholex®, Policexide®) and cholestagel (Sankyo/Geltex), as well aslipostabil (Rhone-Poulenc), Eisai E-5050 (an N-substituted ethanolaminederivative), imanixil (HOE-402), tetrahydrolipstatin (THL),istigmastanylphosphorylcholine (SPC, Roche), aminocyclodextrin (TanabeSeiyoku), Ajinomoto AJ-814 (azulene derivative), melinamide (Sumitomo),Sandoz 58-035, American Cyanamid CL-277,082 and CL-283,546(disubstituted urea derivatives), nicotinic acid (niacin), acipimox,acifran, neomycin, p-aminosalicylic acid, aspirin,poly(diallylmethylamine) derivatives such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,759,923, quaternary amine poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) andionenes such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,027,009, and other knownserum cholesterol lowering agents.

[0131] The hypolipidemic agent may be an ACAT inhibitor such asdisclosed in, Drugs of the Future 24, 9-15 (1999), (Avasimibe); “TheACAT inhibitor, Cl-1011 is effective in the prevention and regression ofaortic fatty streak area in hamsters”, Nicolosi et al, Atherosclerosis(Shannon, Irel). (1998), 137(1), 77-85; “The pharmacological profile ofFCE 27677: a novel ACAT inhibitor with potent hypolipidemic activitymediated by selective suppression of the hepatic secretion ofApoB100-containing lipoprotein”, Ghiselli, Giancarlo, Cardiovasc. DrugRev. (1998), 16(1), 16-30; “RP 73163: a bioavailablealkylsulfinyl-diphenylimidazole ACAT inhibitor”, Smith, C., et al,Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (1996), 6(1), 47-50; “ACAT inhibitors:physiologic mechanisms for hypolipidemic and anti-atheroscleroticactivities in experimental animals”, Krause et al, Editor(s): Ruffolo,Robert R., Jr.; Hollinger, Mannfred A., Inflammation: Mediators Pathways(1995), 173-98, Publisher: CRC, Boca Raton, Fla.; “ACAT inhibitors:potential anti-atherosclerotic agents”, Sliskovic et al, Curr. Med.Chem. (1994), 1(3), 204-25; “Inhibitors of acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) as hypocholesterolemic agents. 6. The firstwater-soluble ACAT inhibitor with lipid-regulating activity. Inhibitorsof acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). 7. Development of aseries of substituted N-phenyl-N′-[(1-phenylcyclopentyl)methyl]ureaswith enhanced hypocholesterolemic activity”, Stout et al, Chemtracts:Org. Chem. (1995), 8(6), 359-62, or TS-962 (Taisho Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd).

[0132] The hypolipidemic agent may be an upregulator of LD2 receptoractivity such as MD-700 (Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd) and LY295427(Eli Lilly).

[0133] The hypolipidemic agent may be a cholesterol absorption inhibitorpreferably Schering-Plough's SCH48461 as well as those disclosed inAtherosclerosis 115, 45-63 (1995) and J. Med. Chem. 41, 973 (1998).

[0134] The hypolipidemic agent may be an ileal Na⁺/bile acidcotransporter inhibitor such as disclosed in Drugs of the Future, 24,425-430 (1999).

[0135] The lipid-modulating agent may be a cholesteryl ester transferprotein (CETP) inhibitor such as Pfizer's CP 529,414 (WO/0038722 and EP818448) and Pharmacia's SC-744 and SC-795.

[0136] The ATP citrate lyase inhibitor which may be employed in thecombination of the invention may include, for example, those disclosedin U.S. Pat. No. 5,447,954.

[0137] Preferred hypolipidemic agents are pravastatin, lovastatin,simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, cerivastatin, itavastatin andvisastatin and ZD-4522.

[0138] The above-mentioned U.S. patents are incorporated herein byreference. The amounts and dosages employed will be as indicated in thePhysician's Desk Reference and/or in the patents set out above.

[0139] The compounds of formula I of the invention will be employed in aweight ratio to the hypolipidemic agent (were present), within the rangefrom about 500:1 to about 1:500, preferably from about 100:1 to about1:100.

[0140] The dose administered must be carefully adjusted according toage, weight and condition of the patient, as well as the route ofadministration, dosage form and regimen and the desired result.

[0141] The dosages and formulations for the hypolipidemic agent will beas disclosed in the various patents and applications discussed above.

[0142] The dosages and formulations for the other hypolipidemic agent tobe employed, where applicable, will be as set out in the latest editionof the Physicians' Desk Reference.

[0143] For oral administration, a satisfactory result may be obtainedemploying the MTP inhibitor in an amount within the range of from about0.01 mg to about 500 mg and preferably from about 0.1 mg to about 100mg, one to four times daily.

[0144] A preferred oral dosage form, such as tablets or capsules, willcontain the MTP inhibitor in an amount of from about 1 to about 500 mg,preferably from about 2 to about 400 mg, and more preferably from about5 to about 250 mg, one to four times daily.

[0145] For oral administration, a satisfactory result may be obtainedemploying an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, for example, pravastatin,lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin or cerivastatin indosages employed as indicated in the Physician's Desk Reference, such asin an amount within the range of from about 1 to 2000 mg, and preferablyfrom about 4 to about 200 mg.

[0146] The squalene synthetase inhibitor may be employed in dosages inan amount within the range of from about 10 mg to about 2000 mg andpreferably from about 25 mg to about 200 mg.

[0147] A preferred oral dosage form, such as tablets or capsules, willcontain the HMG CoA reductase inhibitor in an amount from about 0.1 toabout 100 mg, preferably from about 0.5 to about 80 mg, and morepreferably from about 1 to about 40 mg.

[0148] A preferred oral dosage form, such as tablets or capsules willcontain the squalene synthetase inhibitor in an amount of from about 10to about 500 mg, preferably from about 25 to about 200 mg.

[0149] The hypolipidemic agent may also be a lipoxygenase inhibitorincluding a 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) inhibitor such as benzimidazolederivatives as disclosed in WO 97/12615, 15-LO inhibitors as disclosedin WO 97/12613, isothiazolones as disclosed in WO 96/38144, and 15-LOinhibitors as disclosed by Sendobry et al “Attenuation of diet-inducedatherosclerosis in rabbits with a highly selective 15-lipoxygenaseinhibitor lacking significant antioxidant properties”, Brit. J.Pharmacology (1997) 120, 1199-1206, and Cornicelli et al,“15-Lipoxygenase and its Inhibition: A Novel Therapeutic Target forVascular Disease”, Current Pharmaceutical Design, 1999, 5, 11-20.

[0150] The compounds of formula I and the hypolipidemic agent may beemployed together in the same oral dosage form or in separate oraldosage forms taken at the same time.

[0151] The compositions described above may be administered in thedosage forms as described above in single or divided doses of one tofour times daily. It may be advisable to start a patient on a low dosecombination and work up gradually to a high dose combination.

[0152] The preferred hypolipidemic agent is pravastatin, simvastatin,lovastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin or cerivastatin as well as niacinand/or cholestagel.

[0153] The other antidiabetic agent which may be optionally employed incombination with the compound of formula I may be 1,2,3 or moreantidiabetic agents or antihyperglycemic agents including insulinsecretagogues or insulin sensitizers, or other antidiabetic agentspreferably having a mechanism of action different from the compounds offormula I of the invention, which may include biguanides, sulfonylureas, glucosidase inhibitors, PPAR y agonists, such asthiazolidinediones, aP2 inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP4)inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and/or meglitinides, as well as insulin,and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).

[0154] The other antidiabetic agent may be an oral antihyperglycemicagent preferably a biguanide such as metformin or phenformin or saltsthereof, preferably metformin HCl.

[0155] Where the antidiabetic agent is a biguanide, the compounds ofstructure I will be employed in a weight ratio to biguanide within therange from about 0.001:1 to about 10:1, preferably from about 0.01:1 toabout 5:1.

[0156] The other antidiabetic agent may also preferably be a sulfonylurea such as glyburide (also known as glibenclamide), glimepiride(disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,379,785), glipizide, gliclazide orchlorpropamide, other known sulfonylureas or other antihyperglycemicagents which act on the ATP-dependent channel of the β-cells, withglyburide and glipizide being preferred, which may be administered inthe same or in separate oral dosage forms.

[0157] The compounds of structure I will be employed in a weight ratioto the sulfonyl urea in the range from about 0.01:1 to about 100:1,preferably from about 0.02:1 to about 5:1.

[0158] The oral antidiabetic agent may also be a glucosidase inhibitorsuch as acarbose (disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,904,769) or miglitol(disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,639,436), which may be administered in thesame or in a separate oral dosage forms.

[0159] The compounds of structure I will be employed in a weight ratioto the glucosidase inhibitor within the range from about 0.01:1 to about100:1, preferably from about 0.05:1 to about 10:1.

[0160] The compounds of structure I may be employed in combination witha PPAR γ agonist such as a thiazolidinedione oral anti-diabetic agent orother insulin sensitizers (which has an insulin sensitivity effect inNIDDM patients) such as troglitazone (Warner-Lambert's Rezulin®,disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,572,912), rosiglitazone (SKB), pioglitazone(Takeda), Mitsubishi's MCC-555 (disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,594,016),Glaxo-Welcome's GL-262570, englitazone (CP-68722, Pfizer) ordarglitazone (CP-86325, Pfizer, isaglitazone (MIT/J&J), JTT-501(JPNT/P&U), L-895645 (Merck), R-119702 (Sankyo/WL), NN-2344 (Dr.Reddy/NN), or YM-440 (Yamanouchi), preferably rosiglitazone andpioglitazone.

[0161] The compounds of structure I will be employed in a weight ratioto the thiazolidinedione in an amount within the range from about 0.01:1to about 100:1, preferably from about 0.05 to about 10:1.

[0162] The sulfonyl urea and thiazolidinedione in amounts of less thanabout 150 mg oral antidiabetic agent may be incorporated in a singletablet with the compounds of structure I.

[0163] The compounds of structure I may also be employed in combinationwith a antihyperglycemic agent such as insulin or with glucagon-likepeptide-1 (GLP-1) such as GLP-1 (1-36) amide, GLP-1 (7-36) amide, GLP-1(7-37) (as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,614,492 to Habener, thedisclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference), as well asAC2993 (Amylin) and LY-315902 (Lilly), which may be administered viainjection, intranasal, inhalation or by transdermal or buccal devices.

[0164] Where present, metformin, the sulfonyl ureas, such as glyburide,glimepiride, glipyride, glipizide, chlorpropamide and gliclazide and theglucosidase inhibitors acarbose or miglitol or insulin (injectable,pulmonary, buccal, or oral) may be employed in formulations as describedabove and in amounts and dosing as indicated in the Physician's DeskReference (PDR).

[0165] Where present, metformin or salt thereof may be employed inamounts within the range from about 500 to about 2000 mg per day whichmay be administered in single or divided doses one to four times daily.

[0166] Where present, the thiazolidinedione anti-diabetic agent may beemployed in amounts within the range from about 0.01 to about 2000mg/day which may be administered in single or divided doses one to fourtimes per day.

[0167] Where present insulin may be employed in formulations, amountsand dosing as indicated by the Physician's Desk Reference.

[0168] Where present GLP-1 peptides may be administered in oral buccalformulations, by nasal administration or parenterally as described inU.S. Pat. Nos. 5,346,701 (TheraTech), 5,614,492 and 5,631,224 which areincorporated herein by reference.

[0169] The other antidiabetic agent may also be a PPAR α/γ dual agonistsuch as AR-HO39242 (Astra/Zeneca), GW-409544 (Glaxo-Wellcome), KRP297(Kyorin Merck) as well as those disclosed by Murakami et al, “A NovelInsulin Sensitizer Acts As a Coligand for PeroxisomeProliferation—Activated Receptor Alpha (PPAR alpha) and PPAR gamma.Effect on PPAR alpha Activation on Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Liver ofZucker Fatty Rats”, Diabetes 47, 1841-1847 (1998).

[0170] The antidiabetic agent may be an SGLT2 inhibitor such asdisclosed in U.S. provisional application No. 60/158,773, filed Oct. 12,1999 (attorney file LA49), employing dosages as set out therein.Preferred are the compounds designated as preferred in the aboveapplication.

[0171] The antidiabetic agent may be an aP2 inhibitor such as disclosedin U.S. application Ser. No. 09/391,053, filed Sep. 7, 1999, and in U.S.provisional application No. 60/127,745, filed Apr. 5, 1999 (attorneyfile LA27*), employing dosages as set out herein. Preferred are thecompounds designated as preferred in the above application.

[0172] The antidiabetic agent may be a DP4 inhibitor such as disclosedin Provisional Application 60/188,555 filed Mar. 10, 2000 (attorney fileLA50), WO99/38501, WO99/46272, WO99/67279 (PROBIODRUG), WO99/67278(PROBIODRUG), WO99/61431 (PROBIODRUG), NVP-DPP728A(1-[[[2-[(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine)(Novartis) (preferred) as disclosed by Hughes et al, Biochemistry,38(36), 11597-11603, 1999, TSL-225(tryptophyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (disclosedby Yamada et al, Bioorg. & Med. Chem. Lett. 8 (1998) 1537-1540,2-cyanopyrrolidides and 4-cyanopyrrolidides as disclosed by Ashworth etal, Bioorg. & Med. Chem. Lett., Vol. 6, No. 22, pp 1163-1166 and2745-2748 (1996) employing dosages as set out in the above references.

[0173] The meglitinide which may optionally be employed in combinationwith the compound of formula I of the invention may be repaglinide,nateglinide (Novartis) or KAD1229 (PF/Kissei), with repaglinide beingpreferred.

[0174] The compound of formula I will be employed in a weight ratio tothe meglitinide, PPAR y agonist, PPAR α/γ dual agonist, aP2 inhibitor,DP4 inhibitor or SGLT2 inhibitor within the range from about 0.01:1 toabout 100:1, preferably from about 0.05 to about 10:1.

[0175] The other type of therapeutic agent which may be optionallyemployed with a compound of formula I may be 1, 2, 3 or more of ananti-obesity agent including a beta 3 adrenergic agonist, a lipaseinhibitor, a serotonin (and dopamine) reuptake inhibitor, an aP2inhibitor, a thyroid receptor agonist and/or an anorectic agent.

[0176] The beta 3 adrenergic agonist which may be optionally employed incombination with a compound of formula I may be AJ9677(Takeda/Dainippon), L750355 (Merck), or CP331648 (Pfizer) or other knownbeta 3 agonists as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,541,204, 5,770,615,5,491,134, 5,776,983 and 5,488,064, with AJ9677, L750,355 and CP331648being preferred.

[0177] The lipase inhibitor which may be optionally employed incombination with a compound of formula I may be orlistat or ATL-962(Alizyme), with orlistat being preferred.

[0178] The serotonin (and dopoamine) reuptake inhibitor which may beoptionally employed in combination with a compound of formula I may besibutramine, topiramate (Johnson & Johnson) or axokine (Regeneron), withsibutramine and topiramate being preferred.

[0179] The thyroid receptor agonist which may be optionally employed incombination with a compound of formula I may be a thyroid receptorligand as disclosed in WO97/21993 (U. Cal SF), WO99/00353 (KaroBio),GB98/284425 (KaroBio), and U.S. Provisional Application 60/183,223 filedFeb. 17, 2000, with compounds of the KaroBio applications and the aboveU.S. provisional application being preferred.

[0180] The anorectic agent which may be optionally employed incombination with a compound of formula I may be dexamphetamine,phentermine, phenylpropanolamine or mazindol, with dexamphetamine beingpreferred.

[0181] The various anti-obesity agents described above may be employedin the same dosage form with the compound of formula I or in differentdosage forms, in dosages and regimens as generally known in the art orin the PDR.

[0182] The antihypertensive agents which may be employed in combinationwith the compound of formula I of the invention include ACE inhibitors,angiotensin II receptor antagonists, NEP/ACE inhibitors, as well ascalcium channel blockers, β-adrenergic blockers and other types ofantihypertensive agents including diuretics.

[0183] The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor which may be employedherein includes those containing a mercapto (—S—) moiety such assubstituted proline derivatives, such as any of those disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 4,046,889 to Ondetti et al mentioned above, with captopril,that is, 1-[(2S)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl]-L-proline, beingpreferred, and mercaptoacyl derivatives of substituted prolines such asany of those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,316,906 with zofenopril beingpreferred.

[0184] Other examples of mercapto containing ACE inhibitors that may beemployed herein include rentiapril (fentiapril, Santen) disclosed inClin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 10:131 (1983); as well as pivopril andYS980.

[0185] Other examples of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors whichmay be employed herein include any of those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,374,829 mentioned above, withN-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-L-proline, that is,enalapril, being preferred, any of the phosphonate substituted amino orimino acids or salts disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,452,790 with(S)-1-[6-amino-2-[[hydroxy-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphinyl]oxy]-1-oxohexyl]-L-prolineor (ceronapril) being preferred, phosphinylalkanoyl prolines disclosedin U.S. Pat. No. 4,168,267 mentioned above with fosinopril beingpreferred, any of the phosphinylalkanoyl substituted prolines disclosedin U.S. Pat. No. 4,337,201, and the phosphonamidates disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 4,432,971 discussed above.

[0186] Other examples of ACE inhibitors that may be employed hereininclude Beecham's BRL 36,378 as disclosed in European Patent ApplicationNos. 80822 and 60668; Chugai's MC-838 disclosed in C.A. 102:72588v andJap. J. Pharmacol. 40:373 (1986); Ciba-Geigy's CGS 14824(3-([1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenyl-(1S)-propyl]amino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxo-1-(3S)-benzazepine-1acetic acid HCl) disclosed in U.K. Patent No. 2103614 and CGS 16,617(3(S)-[[(1S)-5-amino-1-carboxypentyl]amino]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxo-1H-1-benzazepine-1-ethanoicacid) disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,473,575; cetapril (alacepril,Dainippon) disclosed in Eur. Therap. Res. 39:671 (1986); 40:543 (1986);ramipril (Hoechsst) disclosed in Euro. Patent No. 79-022 and Curr. Ther.Res. 40:74 (1986); R^(u) 44570 (Hoechst) disclosed inArzneimittelforschung 34:1254 (1985), cilazapril (Hoffman-LaRoche)disclosed in J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 9:39 (1987); R 31-2201(Hoffman-LaRoche) disclosed in FEBS Lett. 165:201 (1984); lisinopril(Merck), indalapril (delapril) disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,385,051;indolapril (Schering) disclosed in J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 5:643, 655(1983), spirapril (Schering) disclosed in Acta. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 59(Supp. 5):173 (1986); perindopril (Servier) disclosed in Eur. J. clin.Pharmacol. 31:519 (1987); quinapril (Warner-Lambert) disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 4,344,949 and CI925 (Warner-Lambert)([3S-[2[R(*)R(*)]]3R(*)]-2-[2-[[1-(ethoxy-carbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]amino]-1-oxopropyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-3-isoquinolinecarboxylicacid HCl)disclosed in Pharmacologist 26:243, 266 (1984), WY-44221(Wyeth) disclosed in J. Med. Chem. 26:394 (1983).

[0187] Preferred ACE inhibitors are captopril, fosinopril, enalapril,lisinopril, quinapril, benazepril, fentiapril, ramipril and moexipril.

[0188] NEP/ACE inhibitors may also be employed herein in that theypossess neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitory activity and angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Examples of NEP/ACEinhibitors suitable for use herein include those disclosed in U.S. Pat.Nos. 5,362,727, 5,366,973, 5,225,401, 4,722,810, 5,223,516, 4,749,688,U.S. Pat. No. 5,552,397, U.S. Pat. No. 5,504,080, U.S. Pat. No.5,612,359,U.S. Pat. No. 5,525,723, European Patent Application 0599,444,0481,522, 0599,444, 0595,610, European Patent Application 0534363A2,534,396 and 534,492, and European Patent Application 0629627A2.

[0189] Preferred are those NEP/ACE inhibitors and dosages thereof whichare designated as preferred in the above patents/applications which U.S.patents are incorporated herein by reference; most preferred areomapatrilat, BMS 189,921([S—(R*,R*)]-hexahydro-6-[((2-mercapto-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino]-2,2-dimethyl-7-oxo-1H-azepine-1-aceticacid (gemopatrilat)) and CGS 30440.

[0190] The angiotensin II receptor antagonist (also referred to hereinas angiotensin II antagonist or AII antagonist) suitable for use hereinincludes, but is not limited to, irbesartan, losartan, valsartan,candesartan, telmisartan, tasosartan or eprosartan, with irbesartan,losartan or valsartan being preferred.

[0191] A preferred oral dosage form, such as tablets or capsules, willcontain the ACE inhibitor or AII antagonist in an amount within therange from abut 0.1 to about 500 mg, preferably from about 5 to about200 mg and more preferably from about 10 to about 150 mg.

[0192] For parenteral administration, the ACE inhibitor, angiotensin IIantagonist or NEP/ACE inhibitor will be employed in an amount within therange from about 0.005 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg and preferably from about0.01 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg.

[0193] Where a drug is to be administered intravenously, it will beformulated in conventional vehicles, such as distilled water, saline,Ringer's solution or other conventional carriers.

[0194] It will be appreciated that preferred dosages of ACE inhibitorand AII antagonist as well as other antihypertensives disclosed hereinwill be as set out in the latest edition of the Physician's DeskReference (PDR).

[0195] Other examples of preferred antihypertensive agents suitable foruse herein include omapatrilat (Vanlev®) amlodipine besylate (Norvasc®),prazosin HCl (Minipress®), verapamil, nifedipine, nadolol, diltiazem,felodipine, nisoldipine, isradipine, nicardipine, atenolol, carvedilol,sotalol, terazosin, doxazosin, propranolol, and clonidine HCl(Catapres®).

[0196] Diuretics which may be employed in combination with compounds offormula I include hydrochlorothiazide, torasemide, furosemide,spironolactono, and indapamide.

[0197] Antiplatelet agents which may be employed in combination withcompounds of formula I of the invention include aspirin, clopidogrel,ticlopidine, dipyridamole, abciximab, tirofiban, eptifibatide,anagrelide, and ifetroban, with clopidogrel and aspirin being preferred.

[0198] The antiplatelet drugs may be employed in amounts as indicated inthe PDR. Ifetroban may be employed in amounts as set out in U.S. Pat.No. 5,100,889.

[0199] Antiosteoporosis agents suitable for use herein in combinationwith the compounds of formula I of the invention include parathyroidhormone or bisphosphonates, such as MK-217 (alendronate) (Fosamax®)Dosages employed will be as set out in the PDR.

[0200] In carrying our the method of the invention, a pharmaceuticalcomposition will be employed containing the compounds of structure I,with or without another therapeutic agent, in association with apharmaceutical vehicle or diluent. The pharmaceutical composition can beformulated employing conventional solid or liquid vehicles or diluentsand pharmaceutical additives of a type appropriate to the mode ofdesired administration. The compounds can be administered to mammalianspecies including humans, monkeys, dogs, etc. by an oral route, forexample, in the form of tablets, capsules, granules or powders, or theycan be administered by a parenteral route in the form of injectablepreparations. The dose for adults is preferably between 50 and 2,000 mgper day, which can be administered in a single dose or in the form ofindividual doses from 1-4 times per day.

[0201] A typical capsule for oral administration contains compounds ofstructure I (250 mg), lactose (75 mg) and magnesium stearate (15 mg).The mixture is passed through a 60 mesh sieve and packed into a No. 1gelatin capsule.

[0202] A typical injectable preparation is produced by asepticallyplacing 250 mg of compounds of structure I into a vial, asepticallyfreeze-drying and sealing. For use, the contents of the vial are mixedwith 2 mL of physiological saline, to produce an injectable preparation.

[0203] The following Examples represent preferred embodiments of theinvention.

[0204] The following abbreviations are employed in the Examples:

[0205] Ph=phenyl

[0206] Bn=benzyl

[0207] t-Bu=tertiary butyl

[0208] Me=methyl

[0209] Et=ethyl

[0210] TMS=trimethylsilyl

[0211] TMSN₃=trimethylsilyl azide

[0212] TBS=tert-butyldimethylsilyl

[0213] FMOC=fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl

[0214] Boc=tert-butoxycarbonyl

[0215] Cbz=carbobenzyloxy or carbobenzoxy or benzyloxycarbonyl

[0216] THF=tetrahydrofuran

[0217] Et₂O=diethyl ether

[0218] hex=hexanes

[0219] EtOAc=ethyl acetate

[0220] DMF=dimethyl formamide

[0221] MeOH=methanol

[0222] EtOH=ethanol

[0223] i-PrOH=isopropanol

[0224] DMSO=dimethyl sulfoxide

[0225] DME=1,2 dimethoxyethane

[0226] DCE=1,2 dichloroethane

[0227] HMPA=hexamethyl phosphoric triamide

[0228] HOAc or AcOH=acetic acid

[0229] TFA=trifluoroacetic acid

[0230] i-Pr₂NEt=diisopropylethylamine

[0231] Et₃N=triethylamine

[0232] NMM=N-methyl morpholine

[0233] DMAP=4-dimethylaminopyridine

[0234] NaBH₄=sodium borohydride

[0235] NaBH(OAc)₃=sodium triacetoxyborohydride

[0236] DIBALH=diisobutyl aluminum hydride

[0237] LiAlH₄=lithium aluminum hydride

[0238] n-BuLi=n-butyllithium

[0239] Pd/C=palladium on carbon

[0240] PtO₂=platinum oxide

[0241] KOH=potassium hydroxide

[0242] NaOH=sodium hydroxide

[0243] LiOH=lithium hydroxide

[0244] K₂CO₃=potassium carbonate

[0245] NaHCO₃=sodium bicarbonate

[0246] DBU=1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene

[0247] EDC (or EDC.HCl) or EDCI (or EDCI.HCl) orEDAC=3-ethyl-3′-(dimethylamino)propyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride (or1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride)

[0248] HOBT or HOBT.H₂O=1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate

[0249] HOAT=1-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole

[0250] BOP reagent=benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris(dimethylamino) phosphoniumhexafluorophosphate

[0251] NaN(TMS)₂=sodium hexamethyldisilazide or sodiumbis(trimethylsilyl)amide

[0252] Ph₃P=triphenylphosphine

[0253] Pd(OAc)₂=Palladium acetate

[0254] (Ph₃P)₄Pd^(o)=tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium

[0255] DEAD=diethyl azodicarboxylate

[0256] DIAD=diisopropyl azodicarboxylate

[0257] Cbz-Cl=benzyl chloroformate

[0258] CAN=ceric ammonium nitrate

[0259] SAX=Strong Anion Exchanger

[0260] SCX=Strong Cation Exchanger

[0261] Ar=argon

[0262] N₂=nitrogen

[0263] min=minute(s)

[0264] h or hr=hour(s)

[0265] L=liter

[0266] mL=milliliter

[0267] μL=microliter

[0268] g=gram(s)

[0269] mg=milligram(s)

[0270] mol=moles

[0271] mmol=millimole(s)

[0272] meq=milliequivalent

[0273] RT=room temperature

[0274] sat or sat'd=saturated

[0275] aq.=aqueous

[0276] TLC=thin layer chromatography

[0277] HPLC=high performance liquid chromatography

[0278] LC/MS=high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

[0279] MS or Mass Spec=mass spectrometry

[0280] NMR=nuclear magnetic resonance

[0281] NMR spectral data: s=singlet; d=doublet; m=multiplet; br=broad;t=triplet mp=melting point

EXAMPLE 1

[0282]

[0283] To a 0° C. solution of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1.70 g, 12.3 mmol),5-phenyl-2-methyl-oxazole-4-ethanol (Maybridge; 2.50 g, 14.0 mmol) andPh₃P (4.20 g, 16.0 mmol) in dry THF (30 mL) was added dropwise DEAD(3.20 g, 15.0 mmol). The solution was stirred at 0° C. for 0.5 h, thenwas allowed to warm to RT and stirred overnight. The orange-red solutionwas concentrated in vacuo and the residue was chromatographed (stepwisegradient from 5:1 to 5:2 hex:EtOAc) to give Part A compound (2.47 g,65%) as a clear, slightly yellow viscous oil.

[0284] A1. Alternative Procedure for Preparing Part A Aldehyde

[0285] To a −5° C. solution of 5-phenyl-2-methyl-oxazole-4-ethanol(20.00 g, 0.098 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL) was added methanesulfonylchloride (12.40 g, 0.108 mol) in one portion (exothermic reaction).After recooling to −5° C., Et₃N (11.1 g, 0.110 mol) was added slowlyover 30 min (internal temperature <3° C.). The reaction was allowed towarm to RT and stirred for 1 h (reaction monitored by analytical HPLC),at which point starting material had been consumed. The reaction waswashed with aqueous HCl (2×50 mL of a 3N solution). The combined aqueouslayers were extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL). The combined organic extractswere successively washed with satd. aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine (50 mLeach), dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated to ˜30 mL volume. Methyltert-butyl ether (120 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred; a whitesolid was formed. The mixture was cooled to −20° C. for completecrystallization. The product was filtered and vacuum-dried to give theproduct mesylate (23.3 g, 85%) as a white solid. The mother liquor wasconcentrated in vacuo and recrystallized from methyl tert butylether/heptane to give a second crop of product mesylate (3.3 g, 12%;total yield=97%).

[0286] A mixture of the above mesylate (13.6 g, 0.048 mol),4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7.09 g, 0.058 mol) and K₂CO₃ (9.95 g, 0.072 mol)in DMF (110 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 2 h (reaction complete byanalytical HPLC). The mixture was allowed to cool to RT and then pouredinto ice-water (400 mL) and stirred for 30 min. The solid product wasfiltered and washed with cold water (3×25 mL) and dried in vacuo at50°-60° C. overnight. The crude product was crystallized fromMTBE-Hexane to give (12.2 g, 82%; 2 crops) the aldehyde (Part A1compound) as a white solid.

[0287] To a solution of N-benzyl glycine ethyl ester (43 mg; 0.22 mmol)and Part A1 compound (52 mg; 0.17 mmol) in DCE (10 mL) was addedNaBH(OAc)₃ (56 mg; 0.26 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirredvigorously overnight for 12 hours. Saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (10 mL) wasadded, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combinedorganic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), concentrated invacuo and chromatographed (hex:EtOAc 4:1) to give Part B compound (45mg; 55%) as a pale yellow oil in addition to recovered starting material(14 mg; 27%).

[0288] To a solution of Part B compound (45 mg) in MeOH (2 mL) was addedaqueous NaOH (3 mL of a 1M solution). The solution was stirred overnightfor 14 h and then acidified to pH 5 with excess aqueous HCl (1Msolution). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL); the combinedorganic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), andconcentrated in vacuo to give the desired acid which was stillcontaminated with starting material. This mixture was dissolved in MeOH(2 mL) and aqueous NaOH (3.0 mL of a 1M solution) and the resultingsolution was refluxed for 1.5 h. Acidic extractive workup as above gavethe desired title compound as a colorless solid (28 mg; 71%).[M+H]⁺=457.2

EXAMPLE 2

[0289]

[0290] To a solution of Example 1 Part A compound (147 mg; 0.479 mmol)and glycine ethyl ester hydrochloride (73 mg; 0.52 mmol) in DCE (2 mL)was added Et₃N and NaBH(OAc)₃ (156 mg; 0.74 mmol) and the reaction wasstirred overnight at RT. Flash chromatography (stepwise gradient from7:3 to 2:3 hex: EtOAc) gave 35 mg (21%) of the dibenzyl glycine ester(Example 2 Part A compound). In addition, 127 mg (67%) of the monobenzylglycine ester (Example 3 Part A compound) was obtained.

[0291] A solution of Example 1 Part A compound (35 mg; 0.051 mmol) inMeOH (2 mL) and aqueous NaOH (3 mL of a 1M solution) was heated underreflux for 12 h. The solution was adjusted to pH 5 with aqueous 1M HCland aqueous 1 M NaOH, then extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combinedorganic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), andconcentrated in vacuo to give title compound (13 mg) as a colorlesssolid. [M+H]⁺=658.2

EXAMPLE 3

[0292]

[0293] To a solution of Example 1 Part A compound (147 mg; 0.479 mmol)and glycine ethyl ester hydrochloride (73 mg; mmol) in DCE was addedEt₃N and NaBH(OAc)₃ (156 mg; 0.74 mmol). Flash chromatography (stepwisegradient from 7:3 to 2:3 hex: EtOAc) gave 127 mg (67%) of the titlecompound. In addition, 35 mg (21%) of the bis-benzyl glycine ester(Example 2 Part A compound) was obtained as a byproduct.

[0294] A solution of Part A compound (72 mg; 0.18 mmol) in aqueous NaOH(2 mL of a 1M solution) and MeOH (2 mL) was refluxed for 3 h. Thereaction was adjusted to pH 5 with aqueous 1M HCl, and solids werefiltered off. The filtrate was extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combinedorganic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentratedin vacuo to give a colorless solid, which was purified by preparativeHPLC (utilizing a YMC S5 ODS 20 mm×100 mm column with a continuousgradient from 70% A:30% B to 100% B for 10 min at a flow rate of 20mL/min, where A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and where B=90:10:0.1MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to give title compound(10 mg; 15%) as a colorless solid.[M+H]⁺=367.2

EXAMPLE 4

[0295]

[0296] A solution of the amino t-butyl ester (0.040 g, 0.095 mmol),(prepared as described for Example 7 Part C, except that the aldehydeused in the reductive amination was Example 1 Part A instead of Example7 Part A)

[0297] and propargyl bromide (0.014 g, 0.120 mmol) and DBU (0.5 mL; 2.96mmol) in DCE (1 mL) was stirred at 0° C. for 5 h. TLC showed that thereaction was complete at this point. EtOAc (10 mL) was added and theorganic phase was washed with H₂O and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidual oil was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂/TFA (1:1, 1 mL) and stirred at RTfor h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bypreparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 30 mm×250 mm reverse phase column; flowrate=25 mL/min; 30 min continuous gradient from 70:30 A:B to 100% B;where A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and where B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) togive the title compound (34 mg, 92%) as an oil. LC/MS (electrospray)gave the correct [M+H]+=405.2 for the title compound.

EXAMPLE 5

[0298]

[0299] A solution of 2-chlorobenzoxazole (20 mg; 0.131 mmol), thesecondary amine-methyl ester (52 mg; 0.146 mmol)

[0300] (prepared as described in Example 3 Part A except glycine ethylester HCl was replaced by glycine methyl ester HCl and the Example 7Part A aldehyde was employed), and excess Et₃N (0.5 mL) in THF (2.0 mL)was heated to 100° C. in a sealed tube and the reaction was monitored byLC/MS. After 4 days, starting amine had been consumed. The reaction wascooled to RT and aqueous LiOH (0.50 mL of a 1 M solution) was added tothe solution. The solution was stirred at RT for 5 h, after which thehydrolysis was complete. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to givethe crude acid as an oil, which was purified by preparative HPLC (30 mincontinuous gradient from 70:30 A:B to 100% B, whereA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA; flow rate=25mL/min; YMC S5 ODS 30×250 mm reverse-phase column) to give the titlecompound (52 mg; 82%) as a solid after lyophilization from (MeOH/H₂O).[M+H]⁺=484.2

EXAMPLE 6

[0301]

[0302] The title compound (13 mg; 21%) was prepared in an analogousfashion to Example 5 using the corresponding secondary amine-methylester.

[0303] (This compound was prepared as described in Example 3 Part Aexcept glycine ethyl ester HCl was replaced by glycine methyl esterHCl). Example 6: [M+H]⁺=484.2

EXAMPLE 7

[0304]

[0305] To a 0° C. solution of 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3.00 g; 24.6 mmol),2-phenyl-5-methyl-oxazole-4-ethanol (5.00 g; 24.6 mmol) and Ph₃P (7.10g; 27.1 mmol) in dry THF (75 mL) was added dropwise DEAD (4.27 mL; 27.1mmol) over 10 min. The brown-orange solution was allowed to warm to RTand stirred at RT for 24 h. The solution was concentrated in vacuo andchromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient: 100% hex to hex:EtOAc 3:1) togive Part A compound as a pale yellow viscous oil (4.01 g; 53%).

[0306] A.1. Alternative Procedure for Preparing Part A

[0307] To a solution of 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (9.1 g; 0.074 mmol) inCH₃CN (206 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (10.3 g). The mixture was heated to 90°C. in an oil bath and stirred for 18 h at 90° C. (the reaction wascomplete at this point by analytical HPLC). The reaction was cooled toRT, then diluted with EtOAc (500 mL), washed with H₂O, aqueous NaOH(2×100 mL of a 1 M solution) and brine. The organic phase was dried(MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residual oil was chromatographed(SiO₂; hex:EtOAc from 9:1 to 4:1) to give the Part A aldehyde (12.7 g;67%) as a viscous, clear, pale yellow oil.

[0308] A solution of the Part A1 compound (4.00; 13.0 mmol), glycinetert-butyl ester hydrochloride (2.40 g; 14.3 mmol) and Et₃N (2.18 mL;15.7 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) was stirred at RT for 6 h and then cooled to0° C. A solution of NaBH₄ (594 mg; 15.7 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was addedportionwise at 0° C. to the solution of crude imine over ˜15 min. Thesolution was stirred at 0° C. for 3 h, then at RT for 3 h, thenconcentrated in vacuo without heating to removed MeOH. The residue waspartitioned between saturated aqueous NaCl and EtOAc (50 mL each). Theaqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×50 mL). The combined organicextracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give a yellowoil, which was chromatographed on SiO₂ (stepwise gradient; hex:EtOAcfrom 4:1 to 2:3) to give Part B compound as a pale viscous yellow oil(4.82 g; 88%).

[0309] To a solution of Part B compound (0.400 g; 0.95 mmol) and4-phenoxybenzaldehyde (0.216 g; 1.09 mmol) in DCE (5 mL) was added NaBH(OAc)₃ (0.300 g; 1.42 mmol), followed by HOAc (25 μL). The reaction wasstirred at RT for 24 h. 10% unreacted starting amine was still presentby analytical HPLC. Additional aldehyde (30 mg) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (60 mg)were added and the reacton was stirred at RT for a further 18 h, afterwhich reaction was complete. The solution was partitioned betweenaqueous NaHCO₃ (50 mL of a 10% solution) and EtOAc (50 mL). The aqueouslayer was extracted with EtOAc (2×25 mL). The combined organic extractswere washed with aqueous NaHCO₃ (2×15 mL of a 10% solution), dried(Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give Part C compound (521 mg crudematerial) as a clear, colorless oil.

[0310] Part C compound was dissolved in CHCl₃ (2 mL) and TFA (1.5 mL)and the solution was stirred at RT for 24 h. The solution wasconcentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC(YMC S5 ODS 20×250 mm column; continuous gradient from 40:60 solvent A:Bto 100% solvent B; where solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA; solventB=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA). The purified product was lyophilized fromMeOH/H₂O to give the title amino acid (312 mg; 48% over 2 steps) as itsTFA salt (off-white lyophilate). [M+H]⁺ (electrospray)=549.3

EXAMPLE 8

[0311]

[0312] A mixture of the amino-ester (39 mg; 0.092 mmol),

[0313] (prepared as described in Example 4),

[0314] 2-naphthaldehyde (29 mg; 0.185 mmol), and NaBH(OAc)₃ (100 mg;0.472 mmol) in DCE (1.5 mL) was stirred at RT for 16 h. TFA (1.0 mL) wasthen added to the mixture, which was stirred at RT for a further 12 h.Volatiles were removed in vacuo. The resulting residue was diluted withMeOH (1.5 mL), filtered, and purified by preparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 30mm×250 mm column; continuous 30 min gradient @ 25 mL/min from 100% A to100% B; solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA; B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) togive the desired title product (39 mg; 68%) as a clear, viscous oil.[M+H]⁺=507.3

EXAMPLE 9

[0315]

[0316] A solution of the amino acid tert-butyl ester (1.8 g, 4.27 mmol)

[0317] (prepared as described in Example 7 Part B), and TFA (20 mL) inCH₂Cl₂ (40 mL) was stirred at RT overnight. The solution wasconcentrated in vacuo, and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ andeluted through solid NaHCO₃ (to remove excess TFA) with excess CH₂Cl₂.The combined filtrates were concentrated in vacuo to provide the desiredamino acid Part A compound (1.48 g; 95%). [M+H]⁺=457.2

[0318] The title compound was prepared as part of a solution phaselibrary run using the following exemplary procedure:

[0319] To a solution of the Part A amino acid compound (27 mg, 0.074mmol; in 2 mL CH₂Cl₂) was added (4-chloro-phenoxy)-3-benzaldehyde (86mg; 0.37 mmol), NaBH(OAc)₃ (79 mg, 0.37 mmol) and HOAc (0.1 mL). Thereaction was stirred at RT for 15 h. The product was purified viasolid-phase extraction using a Varian SAX cartridge (3 g of sorbent in a6 mL column, 0.3 meq/g) by the procedure outlined below:

[0320] 1) The column was conditioned with MeOH (10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (20mL)

[0321] 2) The reaction mixture was loaded onto the SAX column

[0322] 3) The column was rinsed with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL)

[0323] 4) The column was rinsed with 1% TFA in MeOH (3 mL)

[0324] 5) The product was eluted with 1% TFA in MeOH (20 mL)

[0325] The product solution (combined fractions from step 5) wasconcentrated using a Speed Vac for 16 h to afford the crude product (25mg; 49%) as a solid. Reverse-phase HPLC analysis (YMC S5 ODS 4.6×33 mmcolumn, continuous gradient from 100% A to 100% B for 2 min at a flowrate of 5 mL/min [Solvent A=10% MeOH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B=90%MeOH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄]) indicated that the product purity was 92%. Inaddition, LC/MS (electrospray) gave the correct molecular ion[(M+H)⁺=583] for the title compound.

EXAMPLE 10

[0326] (Procedure Used with Heterocyclic Aldehydes)

[0327] The title compound was prepared as part of a solution phaselibrary run using the following exemplary procedure. A mixture of theamino acid (14 mg; 0.038 mmol),

[0328] (prepared as described in Example 9 Part A),

[0329] 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-furfural (16 mg; 0.076 mmol), and NaBH(OAc)₃(72 mg; 0.34 mmol) in DCE (1.5 mL) was stirred at RT for 16 h. TFA (1.0mL) was then added to the mixture, which was stirred at RT for a further12 h. Volatiles were removed in vacuo. The resulting residue was dilutedwith MeOH (1.5 mL), filtered, and purified by preparative HPLC (YMC S5ODS 30 mm×250 mm column; continuous 30 minute gradient@ 25 mL/min from100% A to 100% B; solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA; B=90:10:0.1MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to give the desired title product (39 mg; 68%) as a clear,viscous oil.

EXAMPLE 10A

[0330]

[0331] An alternative purification procedure to preparative HPLC wasused as follows:

[0332] The crude reductive amination product was purified by solid-phaseextraction using an SAX cartridge (United Chemicals; 3 g of sorbent in a6 mL column, 0.3 meq/g) by the procedure outlined below:

[0333] 1) The column was conditioned with MeOH (5 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL)

[0334] 2) The reaction mixture (diluted with 2 mL CH₂Cl₂) was loadedonto the SAX column

[0335] 3) The column was rinsed with CH₂Cl₂ (8 mL)

[0336] 4) The product was eluted with 1% TFA in MeOH (20 mL)

[0337] The product-containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo usinga Speed Vac for 16 h to afford the crude product. This was dissolved inCH₂Cl₂:MeOH (95:5) and loaded onto a silica gel cartridge (1.5 g SiO₂)and the product was eluted with CH₂ C₂:MeOH (95:5; 8 mL). Theproduct-containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo using a SpeedVac to give the desired title product.

[0338] Reverse Phase HPLC analysis (YMC S5 ODS 4.6×33 mm column,continuous gradient from 100% A to 100% B for 2 min at a flow rate of 5mL/min [Solvent A=10% MeOH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B=90% MeOH/10%H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄]) indicated that the product purity was 92%. In addition,LC/MS (electrospray) gave the correct molecular ion [(M+H)⁺=583] fortitle compound.

EXAMPLE 11

[0339]

[0340] To a mixture of the amino-tert-butyl ester (0.339 g, 0.80 mmol),

[0341] (prepared as described in Example 7, Part B),

[0342] 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (0.127 g, 1.03 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (0.510g, 2.4 mmol) was added 7 drops of HOAc. The reaction was stirred at RTfor 16 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, then washed with aqueousNaHCO₃. The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo.The crude product was chromatographed (SiO₂; hexanes/EtOAc 3:1 to 1:4)to provide the 4-hydroxybenzyl amino ester title compound compound(0.381 g, 90%).

[0343] The title compound was prepared as part of a solution phaselibrary run using the following exemplary procedure.

[0344] To a solution of Part A phenol compound (30 mg, 0.057 mmol) inCH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added 3-fluorophenyl boronic acid (12 mg; 0.086 mmol)and 4A molecular sieves (pre-dried at 400° C. overnight) at RT. Afterstirring for 5 min, Cu(OAc)₂ (1 eq), Et₃N (5 eq) and pyridine (5 eq)were added to the mixture. The vial was capped and air was allowed topass into the reaction. The reaction was stirred at RT for 60 h and wascomplete by analytical HPLC and LC/MS. (For other reactions which wereincomplete after this time, additional boronic acid (1.5 equivalent) wasadded in order to form additional desired product). The reaction mixturewas filtered and concentrated in vacuo.

[0345] The product was purified via solid-phase extraction using aUnited Technology SCX column (2 g of sorbent in a 6 mL column) by theprocedure outlined below.

[0346] 1) The column was conditioned with MeOH (10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (10mL)

[0347] 2) The residue was dissolved in a minimal volume of CH₂Cl₂ andloaded onto the SCX column.

[0348] 3) The cartridge was successively washed with CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL),CH₂Cl₂/MeOH (20% MeOH, 20 mL) and MeOH (20 mL)

[0349] 4) The product was eluted with a solution of 0.5N NH₃ in MeOH.

[0350] The product-containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo togive the desired tert-butyl ester. (Some incomplete reactions requiredchromatography (on SiO₂) of the crude material to give esters of therequisite purity). The t-butyl ester was treated with a solution of 30%TFA in CH₂Cl₂ overnight. Volatiles were removed and the residue wasredissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) and concentrated in vacuo on a Speed Vac toafford the desired title product (30 mg; 77%). Reverse phase HPLCanalysis indicated that the product purity was 90%. In addition LC/MSgave the correct molecular ion [(M+H)⁺=567] for the desired titlecompound.

EXAMPLE 12

[0351]

[0352] To a solution of the secondary amine-tert butyl ester (110 mg;0.26 mmol)

[0353] (prepared as described in Example 7, Part B),

[0354] in 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL) were successively added 4-formylphenylboronic acid (47 mg; 0.31 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (165 mg; 0.78mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h. Analytical HPLC and LC/MSindicated that the reaction was complete at ths point. Volatiles wereremoved in vacuo and the residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwisegradient from 3:1 to 1:1 hexane:EtOAc) to provide title compound (133mg; 91%) as a white foam.

[0355] The title compound was prepared as part of a solution phaselibrary run using the following procedure.

[0356] To a solution of the Part A boronic acid compound (40 mg, 0.072mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added m-cresol (23 mg; 0.22 mmol) and 4Amolecular sieves (150 mg; pre-dried at 400° C. overnight). Afterstirring for 5 min, Cu(OAc)₂ (1 eq), Et₃N (5 eq) and pyridine (5 eq)were added to the mixture. The vial was capped and air was allowed topass into the reaction, which was stirred at RT for 24 h. The reactionmixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and concentrated in vacuo.

[0357] The product was purified via solid-phase extraction using aUnited Technology SCX column (2 g of sorbent in a 6 mL column) by theprocedure outlined below.

[0358] 1) The column was conditioned with MeOH (10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (10mL)

[0359] 2) The residue was dissolved in a minimal volume of CH₂Cl₂ andloaded onto the SCX column.

[0360] 3) The cartridge was successively washed with CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) andMeOH (20 mL).

[0361] 4) The product was eluted with a solution of 0.5N NH₃ in MeOH.

[0362] 5) The product-containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo

[0363] 6) The residue was dissolved in a minimum amount of CH₂Cl₂ andloaded onto a silica gel cartridge (2 mL)

[0364] 7) The cartridge was eluted with hexane:EtOAc (3:1; 20 mL)

[0365] 8) The product-containing fractions were collected andconcentrated in vacuo to give the purified tert-butyl ester

[0366] The t-butyl ester was treated with a solution of 1:1 TFA inCH₂Cl₂ overnight. Volatiles were removed and the residue was redissolvedin CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) and concentrated in vacuo on a Speed Vac to afford thedesired title product (25 mg; 48%) as a slightly yellowish oil. Reversephase HPLC analysis indicated that the product purity was 91%. Inaddition LC/MS gave the correct molecular ion [(M+H)⁺=563.2] for thedesired compound.

EXAMPLE 13

[0367]

[0368] The title compound was prepared as part of a solution phaselibrary run using the following exemplary procedure.

[0369] To a solution of 3-bromopyridine (32 mg; 0.2 mmol) in DME (1 mL)were successively added (Ph₃P)₄Pd (5 mg; 0.05 mol equiv) and the Example12 Part A boronic acid (50 mg; 0.09 mmol)

[0370] Finally, aqueous Na₂CO₃ (19 mg in 0.3 mL H₂O) was added and themixture was heated in an oil bath at 85° C. for 5 h; LC/MS indicatedthat the reaction was complete at this point.

[0371] The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate waschromatographed on a silica gel cartridge (2 mL; EtOAc). Theproduct-containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo and the residuewas chromatographed on another silica gel cartridge (2 mL; stepwisegradient of hexanes, hex:EtOAc 3:1 and EtOAc). The product-containingfractions were concentrated in vacuo and the residue was eluted throughan SCX (2 g) cartridge (20 mL each of CH₂Cl₂ and MeOH; then producteluted with 2M ammonia in MeOH). The product-containing fractions wereconcentrated in vacuo to give the desired biaryl amine tert-butyl esterproduct. This was treated with a solution of CH₂Cl₂/TFA (7:3; 1 mL)overnight for 14 h. Volatiles were removed to give title compound (39mg; 67%) as an oil. [M+H]⁺=534.3

EXAMPLES 14 TO 124

[0372] Following one of the above procedures, the following compounds ofthe invention were prepared: TABLE 1

Example No. R³ [M + H]⁺ 14

457.3 15

471.3 16

485.3 17

617.2 18

549.3 19

533.3 20

557.3 21

617.3 22

562.7 23

579.3 24

559.4 25

615.3 26

503.4 27

563.4 28

596.3 29

555.3 30

473.4 31

475.4 32

599.3 33

517.4 34

507.1 35

507.1 36

496.1 37

557.1 38

591.2 39

568.2 40

625.2 41

591.2 42

568.2 43

622.3 44

601.2 45

557.2 46

519.2 47

675.2 48

519.2 4

600.3 50

564.2 51

545.3 52

625.2 53

563.3 54

632.3 55

556.3 56

563.3 57

593.2 58

562.2 59

582.2 60

582.2 61

593.2 62

593.2 63

571.2 64

611.2 65

537.3 66

537.3 67

636.2

[0373] TABLE 2

Exam- ple No. R³ [M + H]⁺ 68

534.2 69

547.2 70

465.4 71

533.3 72

473.3 73

507.3 74

587.4 75

517.3 76

549.3 77

549.3 78

583.2 79

617.2 80

563.2 81

559.2 82

615.2 83

629.1 84

605.3 85

563.2 86

596.2 87

549.3 88

635.3 89

639.2 90

583.2 91

563.2 92

635.3 93

583.2 94

617.2 95

617.1 96

567.2 97

555.1 98

595.3 99

555.2 100

617.2 101

594.2 102

548.2 103

523.3 104

534.4 105

576.2 106

601.1 107

563.2 108

609.2 109

551.2 110

523.2 111

539.2 112

579.3 113

594.4 114

563.3 115

583.2 116

579.3 117

583.2 118

594.3 119

594.3 120

537.3 121

537.3 122

535.2 123

535.2 124

496.1

EXAMPLE 125

[0374]

[0375] A solution of Example 7 Part A aldehyde (60 mg; 0.20 mmol) and(S)-α-methyl benzylamine (30 mg; 0.24 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was stirredat RT for 6 h. The solution was cooled to 0° C. and a pre-formedsolution of NaBH₄ (9 mg; 0.24 mmol) in MeOH (0.5 mL) was addedportionwise. The reaction was stirred at RT overnight, then concentratedin vacuo without heating. The residue was partitioned between aqueousNaHCO₃ and EtOAc (5 mL each). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc(2×5 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo to give title compound as an orange yellow-oil (81mg crude)

[0376] A solution of the Part A compound (70 mg; 0.17 mmol), tert-butylbromoacetate (66 mg; 0.34 mmol), and iPr₂NEt in DMF (0.5 mL) was stirredat RT for 2 days. LC/MS showed that the reaction was complete and clean.The crude reaction mixture was partitioned between H₂O (30 mL) and EtOAc(20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with Et₂O (2×10 mL); thecombined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuoto give the crude amino-tert-butyl ester.

[0377] This crude product was stirred in a 1:1 solution of CHCl₃ and TFA(2 mL) for 18 h at RT. The solution was then concentrated in vacuo andpurified by preparative reverse-phase HPLC (as in Example 10). Thepurified material was lyophilized from MeOH—H₂O to give the titlecompound (71 mg; 71%) as a white lyophilate. [M+H]+=471.2

EXAMPLE 126

[0378]

[0379] The title compound was synthesized following the same procedureas described above in Example 125 except that (S)-α-methyl benzylaminewas replaced by (R)-α-methyl benzylamine in the synthesis of the part Acompound. The title compound was obtained in 67% yield (66 mg) overall.[M+H]⁺=471.2

EXAMPLE 127

[0380]

[0381] A mixture of Example 7 Part A compound (30 mg, 0.098 mmol),D-alanine tert-butyl ester hydrochloride (23 mg; 0.127 mmol), Et₃N (5drops) and 4A molecular sieves in MeOH (2 mL) was stirred at RT for 4 h.NaBH₄ (12 mg, 0.0294 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at RTfor 30 min. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuo, dilutedwith CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL), and filtered through cotton. TFA (1 mL) was added tothe filtrate and the reaction was stirred at RT overnight. The reactionmixture was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with EtOAc, washed severaltimes with sat'd. aqueous NaHCO₃, then with brine. The organic phase wasdried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bypreparative HPLC (YMC ODS 30 mm×250 mm reverse-phase column; flowrate=25 mL/min; 30 min continuous gradient from 50:50 A:B to 100% B,where A=90:10:0.1 H₂O:MeOH: TFA and B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to providethe title compound (7.8 mg, 21%) as a white lyophilate.

[0382] [M+H]⁺=381.1

EXAMPLE 128

[0383]

[0384] Title compound (20% overall yield) was synthesized using the sameprocedure as described in Example 125, using D-phenylalanine tert-butylester hydrochloride instead of D-alanine tert-butyl ester hydrochloride.

[0385] [M+H]⁺=457.2

EXAMPLE 129

[0386]

[0387] A mixture of Example 7 Part A (40 mg, 0.13 mmol), D-alaninetert-butyl ester hydrochloride (31 mg, 0.17 mmol), Et₃N (6 drops) and 4Amolecular sieves in MeOH (2 mL) was stirred at RT for 4 h. NaBH₄ (15 mg,3 equiv) was added and the mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min, thenconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) andfiltered. To the filtrate in a vial were added 4-phenoxybenzaldehyde (77mg, 0.39 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (138 mg, 0.65 mmol). The reaction wasstirred at RT for 18 h. The reaction mixture was chromatographed on SiO₂using hexanes/EtOAc (9:1 to 4:1) to obtain the pure tert-butyl ester.This material was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) and TFA (1 mL) was addedslowly. The solution was stirred at RT overnight, then was concentratedin vacuo. The residue was redissolved in CH₂Cl₂ and filtered throughsolid NaHCO₃ to remove residual TFA. This solution was further dilutedwith CH₂Cl₂, washed with 1 M aq NaHSO₄ and brine, dried (MgSO₄),filtered and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the title compound (9.1 mg,12%). [M+H=563.2

EXAMPLE 130

[0388]

[0389] The title compound (13% overall yield) was synthesized using thesame procedure as described in Example 127, using D-phenyl-alaninetert-butyl ester hydrochloride instead of D-alanine tert-butyl esterhydrochloride. [M+H]⁺=639.2

EXAMPLES 131 TO 135

[0390] Other analogs in this series were prepared by analogousprocedures and are shown in the following table:

Example No. R^(3c) [M + H]⁺ 131 (S)—CH₃ 563.2 132

639.3 133

591.4 134

579.3 135

635.4

EXAMPLE 136

[0391]

[0392] A solution of the secondary amine ethyl ester (72 mg; 0.183 mmol)

[0393] (prepared as described in Example 3 Part A) in MeOH (2 mL) andaqueous NaOH (2 mL of a 1M solution) was heated under reflux for 12 h.The pH of the solution was adjusted to 5 (with aqueous 1M NaOH and 1MHCl), upon which a colorless solid precipitated. This was filtered offand the filtrate was extracted with EtOAc (3×); the combined organicextracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the crudetitle amino acid as a colorless solid (97 mg).

[0394] To a solution of the Part A amino acid (15 mg; 0.04 mmol) indioxane:H₂O (1:1, 8 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (22 mg; 0.16 mmol) followed bybenzyl chloroformate (15 mg; 0.09 mmol). The reaction was stirredovernight, then concentrated in vacuo and acidified with excess aqueous1M HCl. This was extracted with EtOAc (3×); the combined organicextracts were washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated invacuo to give title compound (13 mg; 63%) as a colorless solid.[M+H]⁺=501.3

EXAMPLE 137

[0395]

[0396] To a 0° C. solution of the amino-tert-butyl ester (75 mg; 0.18mmol)

[0397] (prepared as described in Example 7 Part B), in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) wasadded CbzCl (28 μL; 0.20 mmol), followed by Et₃N (54 μL; 0.39 mmol). Thereaction was allowed to warm to RT and then stirred at RT overnight for18 h. Aqueous NaHCO₃ (2 mL of a 10% solution) was added and the aqueouslayer was extracted with EtOAc (2×2 mL). The combined organic extractswere dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude carbamate-esterwas dissolved in CHCl₃ (3 mL) and TFA (1 mL); the solution was stirredat RT for 24 h, then concentrated in vacuo. The crude carbamate-acid waspurified by reverse-phase preparative HPLC on a C-18 column (continuousgradient over 14 min; 4 min hold time; flow rate=20 mL/min from 1:1 A:Bto 100% B; solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA; solvent B=90:10:0.1MeOH:H₂O:TFA). The product was lyophilized from MeOH/H₂O to give titlecompound as a white lyophilate. [M+H]⁺=501.3.

EXAMPLE 138

[0398]

[0399] A. The required aryl chloroformates (where not commerciallyavailable) were prepared according to the following general procedure,which is exemplified by the synthesis of 2-methoxy phenyl chloroformate:

[0400] A solution of 2-methoxyphenol (2 g, 16.1 mmol),N,N-dimethylaniline (1.95 g, 16.1 mmol), phosgene (8.34 mL of a 1.93 Msolution in toluene, 16.1 mmol) and a catalytic amount of DMF inchlorobenzene (5 mL) was stirred in a pressure tube for 2 h at 80° C.The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The residuewas distilled (Buchi Kugelrohr; bp=115° C. @ 10 mm Hg) to provide2-methoxyphenyl chloroformate (1.5g; 50%) as a clear oil.

[0401] A solution of the amino-t-butyl ester (20 mg, 0.05 mmol),

[0402] (prepared as described in Example 7 Part B), 2-methoxyphenylchloroformate (8 mg, 0.05 mmol; prepared as above) and polyvinylpyridine(Aldrich; 16 mg, 0.3 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was stirred for 30 min atRT. Amine resin WA21J (Supelco; 200 mg) was added and the mixture wasstirred at RT for 30 min in order to remove unreacted chloroformate. Thereaction mixture was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give thedesired 2-methoxyphenyl carbamate-ester.

[0403] The ester was treated with a solution of 30% TFA in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL)overnight. Volatiles were removed in vacuo to give the crude acid. Thismaterial was purified via solid-phase extraction using an anion exchangecolumn (CHQAX13M6 column; United Technologies; 3 g of sorbent in a 6 mLcolumn) by the exemplary procedure outlined below.

[0404] 1) The column was conditioned with MeOH (10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (10mL).

[0405] 2) The crude acid was dissolved in a minimal volume of CH₂Cl₂ andloaded onto the SAX column.

[0406] 3) The cartridge was washed with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL), CH₂Cl₂/MeOH (10mL of a 4:1 CH₂Cl₂:MeOH solution).

[0407] 4) The product was eluted with CH₂Cl₂/MeOH (10 mL of a 4:1CH₂Cl₂:MeOH solution).

[0408] The product-containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo on aSpeed Vac to afford title compound as an oil. Analytical reverse-phaseHPLC (standard conditions) indicated that the purity of the product was90%. In addition LC/MS gave the correct molecular ion [(M+H)⁺=517.3] forthe desired title compound.

EXAMPLE 139

[0409]

[0410] Phosgene (0.21 mL of a 1.93 M solution in toluene; 0.40 mmol) wasadded dropwise to a solution of the amino-tert-butyl ester (100 mg, 0.24mmol)

[0411] (prepared as described in Example 7 Part B),

[0412] and Et₃N (30.3 mg; 0.30 mmol) in 3 ml CH₂Cl₂ at −5° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. The mixture was concentratedin vacuo to give the crude product which was chromatographed (SiO₂;hexane/EtOAc 1:5) to provide title compound (0.105 g, 91%).

[0413] The title compound was prepared as part of a solution phaselibrary run using the following exemplary procedure.

[0414] A mixture of the Part A carbamoyl chloride (20 mg; 0.045 mmol),3,5-dichlorophenol (16 mg; 0.07 mmol), and pyridine (0.5 ml) was stirredat 80° C. for 16 h. Pyridine was removed in vacuo and the residue waspurified via solid-phase extraction using a CHQAX1 cartridge (2 g ofsorbent in a 6 ml column, 0.3 mg/g) by the procedure outlined below:

[0415] 1) The column was conditioned with MeOH (10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂(20 mL)

[0416] 2) The reaction mixture in CH₂Cl₂ was loaded onto the SAX column

[0417] 3) The product was eluted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL)

[0418] The product-containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo usinga Speed Vac over 16 h to afford the pure aryl carbamate-tert-butyl esterwhich was treated with a solution of 30% TFA in CH₂Cl₂ overnight.Volatiles were removed using a Speed Vac for 16 h to afford the crudeacid final product. The product was initially purified via solid-phaseextraction using a Varian SAX cartridge (2 g of sorbent in a 6 mLcolumn, 0.3 meq/g) by the procedure outlined below:

[0419] 1) The column was conditioned with MeOH (10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (20mL)

[0420] 2) The reaction mixture in CH₂Cl₂ was loaded onto the SAX column

[0421] 3) The column was rinsed with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL)

[0422] 4) The column was rinsed with 10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL)

[0423] 5) The product was eluted with 2% TFA in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL)

[0424] The product-containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo usinga Speed Vac for 16 h to afford the purified product (20 mg, 80%) as asolid. Reverse phase HPLC analysis (YMC S5 ODS 4.6×33 mm column,continuous gradient from 50% A to 100% B for 2 min at a flow rate of 5mL/min [Solvent A=10% MeOH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B=90% MeOH/10%H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄]) indicated that the product purity was 96%. In addition,LC/MS gave the correct molecular ion [(M+H)⁺=555.2] (electrospray) forthe title compound.

EXAMPLE 140

[0425]

[0426] Benzyl chloroformates were synthesized by the following generalprocedure, as exemplified by m-methoxy benzyl chloroformate:

[0427] To a solution of 3-methoxybenzyl alcohol (2.0 g; 7.24 mmol),N,N-dimethylaniline (0.877 g; 7.24 mmol) in anhydrous ether (5 mL) wasadded phosgene dropwise (3.8 mL of a 1.93 M solution in toluene; 7.3mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h, afterwhich solids were filtered off. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuoat RT. The crude chloroformate was stripped from anhydrous Et₂O (2×2 mL)and used without further purification in the next reaction. Subsequentlyother chloroformates were also prepared using this standard procedure.

[0428] The title compound was prepared as part of a solution phaselibrary which was run using the following standard procedure.

[0429] To a suspension of the Example 3 amino acid (trifluoroacetic acidsalt)

[0430] (25 mg, 0.05 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added Part A compound (10mg; 0.05 mmol) and iPr₂NEt (19.4 mg; 0.15 mmol). After stirring for 30min at RT, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo.

[0431] The product was purified via solid-phase extraction using aVarian CHQAX13M6 (anion exchange) column (3 g of sorbent in a 6 mLcolumn) by the procedure outlined below:

[0432] 1) The column was conditioned with MeOH (10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (10mL)

[0433] 2) The residue was dissolved in a minimal volume of CH₂Cl₂ andloaded onto the SAX column.

[0434] 3) The cartridge was washed successively with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL), 20%MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL).

[0435] 4) The product was eluted with a solution of 20% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ (10mL).

[0436] The product-containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo usinga Speed Vac to afford the title compound. Reverse Phase HPLC analysisusing standard conditions indicated that the product purity was 90%. Inaddition, LC/MS (electrospray) gave the correct molecular ion[(M+H)⁺=531.3] for the desired title compound.

EXAMPLE 141

[0437]

[0438] A solution of 4-(benzyloxy)phenol (2.0 g; 9.99 mmol),N,N-dimethylaniline (1.21 g; 9.99 mmol), phosgene (5.2 mL of a 1.95 Msolution in toluene; 10 mmol) and a catalytic amount of DMF inchlorobenzene (5 mL) was heated at 80° C. in a pressure tube for 2.5 h.The mixture was allowed to cool to RT. The upper clear solution wasseparated and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude title arylchloroformate as crystals (2 g crude product).

[0439] To a mixture of the Part A chloroformate (184 mg, 0.70 mmol) inCH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) and polyvinylpyridine (Aldrich; 315 mg, 1 mmol) was addeda solution of the amino-tert-butyl ester (280 mg, 0.66 mmol)

[0440] (prepared as described in Example 7 Part B), in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL).The reaction was stirred at RT for 15 min. Resin-bound amine (WA21J,Supelco; 150 mg) was added to the mixture. The reaction mixture wasstirred for another 15 min. The resin-bound amine and polyvinylpyridinewere filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give thecrude product. The crude product was chromatographed (SiO₂; hexane/EtOAc1:4) to provide title compound (0.30 g, 70%).

[0441] A solution of Part B compound (75 mg; 0.42 mmol) in 20 ml MeOHwas hydrogenated in the presence of 20 mg of 10% Pd/C under anatmosphere of H₂ (balloon) for 24 h. The palladium catalyst was removedby filtration and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give thecrude title t-butyl ester (240 mg, 90%) which was used without furtherpurification in the next step.

[0442] The solution of Part C phenol-tert-butyl ester (50 mg; 0.089mmol), catalytic Bu₄NBr (1.5 mg, 0.0047 mmol), aq NaOH (0.7 mL of a 1 Msolution) and isopropanol (2 mL) in a pressure tube was cooled to −50°C. Freon gas was bubbled into the solution for 1 min. The tube wassealed and heated to 80° C. for 12 h. The mixture was extracted withEtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine,dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil, which was thentreated with a solution of 30% TFA in CH₂Cl₂ overnight. Volatiles wereremoved in vacuo and the residue was purified using preparative HPLC(YMC S5 ODS 30×250 mm reverse phase column; 30 minute continuousgradient from 70:30 A:B to 100% B, where A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA, andB=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to afford the desired title product (14 mg;28%). Reverse Phase HPLC analysis indicated that the product purity was97%. In addition LC/MS (electrospray) gave the correct molecular ion[(M+H)⁺=553.1] for the desired compound.

EXAMPLE 142

[0443] Following the Example 141 procedure, the analogous compound wasprepared [(M+H)⁺=553.2]:

[0444] Intermediates corresponding to Example 141 Parts B and C weredeprotected using the same TFA/CHCl₃ procedure as above and purified asusual to give the following analogs:

EXAMPLES 145 TO 305

[0445] The following carbamate-acid analogs in Tables 4 and 5 weresynthesized according to one of the above methods: TABLE 4

Example No. R^(3d) [M + H]⁺ 145

487.2 146

539.3 147

593.2 148

449.3 149

501.3 150

517.2 151

532.2 152

589.3 153

546.3 154

532.2 155

579.2 156

593.2 157

593.3 158

579.2 159

579.2 160

531.2 161

527.2 162

525.2 163

515.2 164

529.2 165

527.2 166

519.3 167

517.3 168

547.3 169

577.3 170

531.3 171

531.3 172

545.3 173

531.3 174

571.2 175

567.3 176

547.3 177

545.3 178

579.2 179

591.2 180

535.2 181

505.2 182

521.1 183

566 + 588 184

571.1 185

505.2 186

521.1 187

566 + 588 188

545.2 189

529.1 190

529.1 191

543.1 192

571.2 193

503.3 194

501.3 195

529.4 196

531.3 197

561.3 198

555.3 199

513.3 200

557.4 201

543.3 202

571.4 203

572.3 204

541.3 205

543.4 206

529.4 207

515.3 208

515.3 209

515.3 210

543.3 211

529.4 212

577.3 213

515.3 214

529.3 215

527.3 216

531.3 217

557.3 218

573.1 219

519.2 220

535.2 221

585.2 222

519.2 223

535.2 224

585.2 225

561.2

[0446] TABLE 5

Example No. R^(3d) [M + H]⁺ 226

545.2 227

593.1 228

449.2 229

501.2 230

517.2 231

532.2 232

487.3 233

546.3 234

532.2 235

579.2 236

593.2 237

593.3 238

579.2 239

579.2 240

531.2 241

527.2 242

525.2 243

515.2 244

529.2 245

527.2 246

517.3 247

517.3 248

547.3 249

577.3 250

543.1 251

531.3 252

545.3 253

531.3 254

571.2 255

567.3 256

547.3 257

545.3 258

593.4 259

503.2 260

579.2 261

505.2 262

521.1 263

566/567   264

571.1 265

505.2 266

521.1 267

566/567.0 268

523.3 269

501.3 270

539.2 271

529.3 272

549.2 273

523.2 274

513.3 275

519.2 276

539.2 277

547.3 278

552.3 279

541.3 280

563.3 281

555.3 282

543.3 283

529.3 284

515.3 285

515.3 286

515.3 287

535.2 288

529.2 289

577.3 290

515.2 291

529.2 292

527.3 293

537.3 294

531.3 295

555.2 296

571.3 297

573.2 298

531.3 299

519.3 300

535.2 301

585.2 302

519.2 303

535.2 304

585.2 305

561.2

EXAMPLE 149

[0447]

[0448] To a solution of the secondary amine-ester (2.1 g; 5.52 mmol)

[0449] in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added 4-methylphenyl chloroformate (0.79mL; 5.52 mmol) and polyvinyl pyridine (Aldrich; 1.74 g; 16.5 mmol). Themixture was stirred at RT for 15 min; at this point TLC showed thatstarting material had been consumed. The solution was filtered,concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was chromatographed (SiO₂;hex:EtOAc 4:1) to provide the pure carbamate-ester (2 g). This wasdissolved in a mixture of THF (10 mL), MeOH (1 mL) and aqueous LiOH (8mL of a 1 M solution). The solution was stirred at RT overnight, thenacidified to pH 3 with excess aqueous 1 M HCl. The solution wasextracted with EtOAc (2×50 mL). The combined organic extracts werewashed with H₂O (2×50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), andconcentrated in vacuo to provide title compound as a white solid (1.75g; 63%). [M+H]⁺=501.2

[0450] [M+H]⁺=501.2; ¹H NMR (400 MHz; CDCl₃): δ 7.93-7.99 (m, 2H),7.38-7.43 (m, 3H), 7.23 (q, 1H, J=8 Hz), 7.02-7.12 (m, 3H), 6.98-7.02(m,2H), 6.82-6.89 (m, 2H), 4.71 (s, 1H), 4.64 (s, 1H), 4.25 (t, 2H, J=7Hz), 4.07 (s, 2H), 2.90-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H),2.29 (s, 3H)

EXAMPLE 230

[0451]

[0452] To a 0° C. solution of the secondary amine (3.0 g; 7.9 mmol)

[0453] in CH₂Cl₂ (45 mL) were successively added pyridine (0.8 mL; 9.9mmol) and 4-methoxyphenyl chloroformate (1.3 mL; 8.7 mmol). The reactionwas stirred at 0° C. for 3 h, at which point starting material had beenconsumed (by analytical HPLC). The reaction solution was washed withaqueous HCl (2×25 mL of a 1 M solution), brine (2×), dried (Na₂SO₄), andconcentrated in vacuo. The crude product was chromatographed (SiO₂;stepwise gradient from 4:1 to 3:7 hex:EtOAc) to provide the desiredcarbamate-ester (4.2 g; 100%). The ester was dissolved in THF:MeOH:H₂O(50 mL of a 3:1:1 solution) and LiOH.H₂O (0.5 g; 11.9 mmol) was added.The solution was stirred overnight at RT. Starting material was stillpresent by HPLC. More LiOH.H₂O (0.2 g; 4.8 mmol) was added and themixture was briefly heated to solubilize the LiOH, then stirred at RTfor 4 h. The reaction was complete at this point, and the mixture wasacidified to pH 3 with excess aqueous 1 M HCl, then organic solventswere removed in vacuo. The residual aqueous phase was extracted withEtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were successively washedwith H₂O and brine (50 mL each), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered andconcentrated in vacuo to give title compound as a colorless solid (3.07g; 75%).

[0454] [M+H]⁺=517.2; ¹H NMR (400 MHz; CDCl₃): δ 7.96-7.98 (m, 2H),7.4-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.2-7.3 (m, 2H), 7.0-7.1 (m, 2H), 6.8-7.0 (m, 4H),4.65 (s, 1H), 4.55 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.24 (m, 2H), 4.02 (s, 2H), 3.77 (s,3H), 3.00 (s, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H).

[0455] The following examples (167, 187, 216, 229, 247 and 263) were allsynthesized according to the methods described for Examples 149 and 230.

EXAMPLE 167

[0456]

[0457]¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆; 500 MHz) δ 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.94 (m, 2H), 3.73 (2s,3H), 4.06 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.25 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.66 (2s, 2H), 6.71(m, 3H), 6.85 (m, 2H), 7.06 (d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.39 (m,3H), 7.96 (m, 2H)

EXAMPLE 187

[0458]

[0459]¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆; 500 MHz): δ 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.93 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H),4.02 (2s, 2H), 4.21 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 4.55 (2s, 2H), 6.94 (m, 3H), 7.48(m, 8H), 7.90 (m, 2H)

EXAMPLE 216

[0460]

[0461]¹H NMR (CDCl₃; 400 MHz): δ 1.3-1.4 (m, 3H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.9-3.05(m, 2H), 3.9-4.05 (m, 2H), 4.06 (br s, 2H), 4.25 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 6.85(dd, J=11.4, 8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (dd, J=15.8, 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (dd,J=8.4, 2.6 Hz, 2H), 7.38-7.50 (m, 5H), 7.99 (br d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H)

EXAMPLE 229

[0462]

[0463]¹H NMR (CDCl₃; 400 MHz): δ 2.30 (2 peaks, 3H), 2.38 (2 peaks, 3H),3.03 (dd, J=5.7, 5.7 Hz; 2H), 3.99 (s, 2H), 4.21 (dd, J=6.1, 6.1 Hz;2H), 4.63 (2 peaks, 2H), 6.82-6.87 (m, 2H), 6.96-7.01 (m, 2H), 7.09-7.14(m, 2H), 7.18-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.96-7.98 (m, 2H)

EXAMPLE 247

[0464]

[0465]¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆; 500 MHz): δ 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.93 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H),3.74 (s, 3H), 3.96 (2s, 2H), 4.20 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 4.55 (2s, 2H), 6.65(m, 2H), 6.94 (m, 3H), 7.27 (m, 3H), 7.48 (m, 3H), 7.91 (d, J=6.1 Hz,2H)

EXAMPLE 263

[0466]

[0467]¹H NMR (CDCl₃; 400 MHz): 2.42 (2s, 3H; rotamers); 3.0-3.5 (m, 2H),3.99 (br s, 2H), 4.15-4.25 (m, 2H), 4.57 (AB doublet, J=38.2 Hz, 2H),6.85 (dd, J=11.4, 8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (dd, J=15.8, 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (dd,J=8.4, 2.6 Hz, 2H), 7.38-7.50 (m, 5H), 7.99 (br d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H)

EXAMPLE 306

[0468]

[0469] A solution of resorcinol monoacetate (2g; 13.14 mmol),N,N-dimethylaniline (1.6 g; 13.14 mmol), phosgene (6.8 mL of a 1.95Msolution in toluene; 13.1 mmol) and a catalytic amount of DMF inchlorobenzene (5 mL) was heated at 80° C. in a pressure tube for 2.5 hand then allowed to cool to RT. The clear supernatant solution wasseparated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified viadistillation in vacuo (140-150° C. @ 1.0 mm Hg) to give title compoundin the form of a clear oil (2 g; 71%).

[0470] To a mixture of Part A chloroformate (50 mg, 0.237 mmol) andpolyvinylpyridine (PVP) (75 mg, 0.70 mmol) was added a CH₂Cl₂ solution(2 mL) of the amino-tert-butyl ester (100 mg, 0.237 mmol),

[0471] (prepared as described in Example 7 Part B).

[0472] The reaction was stirred at RT for 15 min. Resin-bound amine(WA21J, Supelco; 150 mg) was added to the mixture. The reaction mixturewas stirred for another 15 min. The Resin-bound amine and PVP wereremoved via filtration and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo togive the crude product. The crude product was chromatographed (SiO₂;hexane/EtOAc 1:4) to provide title compound (0.1 g, 70%).

[0473] A solution of the Part B phenol-tert butyl ester compound (60 mg;0.10 mmol), Bu₄NBr (0.32 mg, 0.001 mmol), aqueous NaOH (0.5 mL of a 1 Msolution; 0.5 mmol) and isopropanol (1 mL) in a pressure tube was cooledto −50° C. Freon gas was bubbled into the solution for 1 min. The tubewas sealed and heated to 80° C. for 12 h. The mixture was extracted withEtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine,dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the crudedifluoromethoxy ether-tert butyl ester as an oil. The crude ester wasthen treated with a solution of 30% TFA in CH₂Cl₂ overnight. Volatileswere removed in vacuo and the residue was purified using preparativereverse-phase HPLC (as in Example 127, except that the continuousgradient used was from A:B 70:30 to 100% B) to afford two products, thedesired title difluoromethoxy ether-acid (13 mg; 23%) and thephenol-acid set out below (32 mg; 63%). Reverse phase HPLC analysisusing standard conditions indicated that the product purity was >92%. Inaddition LC/MS (electrospray) gave the correct molecular ion[(M+H)⁺=553.2 and 503.2 respectively] for the two compounds.

EXAMPLES 307 and 308

[0474] Following the above general procedure of Example 306, thefollowing compounds were prepared:

EXAMPLE 309

[0475]

[0476] To a mixture of phenyl chlorothionoformate (11 mg, 0.063 mmol)and triethylamine (6.5 mg, 0.063 mmol) was added a solution of theamino-tert-butyl ester (20 mg, 0.053 mmol),

[0477] (prepared as described in Example 7 Part B)

[0478] in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL). The reaction was stirred at RT for 15 min andthe mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the crude thionocarbamatetert-butyl ester. This material was dissolved in aqueous LiOH (0.50 mLof a 1.0 M solution) and THF (2 mL) and stirred at RT for 5 h. Thesolution was concentrated in vacuo to give the crude acid as an oil. Thecrude product was purified using preparative HPLC to afford the desiredtitle product (10 mg; 38%). [M+H]⁺=503.2

EXAMPLE 310

[0479] The corresponding thiocarbamate in the 1,4 series was prepared inthe same manner as described for Example 309.

[0480] [M+H]⁺=503.2

EXAMPLE 311

[0481]

[0482] To a mixture of the amine-tert butyl ester (306 mg, 0.73 mmol)

[0483] (prepared as described in Example 7 Part B),

[0484] and p-phenoxybenzoic acid (220 mg; 1.02 mmol; 1.4 equiv) in CH₃CN(20 mL) was added BOP reagent (372 mg, 0.84 mmol, 1.15 equiv) in asingle portion followed by iPr₂NEt (0.5 mL; 2.9 mmol; 3.9 equiv)dropwise. The reaction was stirred overnight at RT, after whichvolatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc andwashed with aqueous 1N HCl. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc(2×) and the combined organic extracts were washed with H₂O, sat'daqueous NaHCO₃ and brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo togive the desired product. The resulting crude amide-ester was used inthe next step without further purification.

[0485] A solution of the crude amide ester in 40% TFA-CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) wasstirred for 5 h at RT. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crudeacid was purified by Prep HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 30 mm×250 mm reverse phasecolumn; flow rate=25 mL/min; 30 min continuous gradient from 70:30 A:Bto 100% B; solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA; solvent B=90:10:0.1MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to yield title compound (238 mg; 58% yield over 2 steps)as a white solid. Analytical Reverse-phase HPLC: Retention time=7.53min. (Continuous gradient solvent system: from 50% A:50% B to 0% A:100%B (A=90% H₂O/10% MeOH/0.2% H₃PO₄; B=90% MeOH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄) for 8min; detection at 220 nm; YMC S3 ODS 4.6×50 mm column). [M+H]⁺=563.3

EXAMPLE 311A

[0486]

[0487] (alternative synthetic procedure)

[0488] To a solution of the secondary amine tert-butyl ester (35 mg,0.083 mmol), (prepared as described in Example 7 Part B)

[0489] 4-phenoxy benzoic acid (30 mg, 0.14 mmol) and HOAT (30 mg, 0.22mmol) in THF/DMF (1 mL/0.05 mL) was added EDCI (20 mg, 0.10 mmol) andthe mixture was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was diluted withEtOAc, washed with aqueous 1N HCl, H₂O, sat'd. aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine,dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude amide-tert butylester was dissolved in TFA/CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL of a 1:1 solution). Theresulting pink solution was stirred overnight and concentrated in vacuoto provide the crude acid-amide as a dark brown oil. The crude productwas purified by preparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 20×100 mm column, 10 mincontinuous gradient from 60:40 A:B to 100% B; solventA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA; solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA; flow rate=20mL/min) to provide the title compound (32 mg, 69%).

[0490] [M+H]⁺=563.3

EXAMPLE 312

[0491]

[0492] 1) To a solution of the secondary amine-tert-butyl ester (25 mg;006 mmol)

[0493] (prepared as described in Example 7 Part B), in THF (0.5 mL) wasadded 2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (25 mg; 0.15 mmol; 2.5 equiv).

[0494] 2)HOAT (48 mg; 0.35 mmol; 5.8 equiv) was added.

[0495] 3) DMF (50 gL) was added.

[0496] 4) EDCI ((20 mg, 0.1 mmol, 1.8 m eq) was added.

[0497] 5) The reaction vessel was shaken for 24 h at RT.

[0498] 6) The reaction was diluted with MeOH (2 mL) and filtered.

[0499] 7) The amide-tert butyl ester was purified by preparative HPLC(YMC S5 ODS 20×100 mm column; flow rate=25 mL/min; 10 min continuousgradient from 70:30 A:B to 100% B; solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA;solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA).

[0500] 8) The fractions containing the purified amide-ester were treatedwith a solution of TFA in CH₂Cl₂ (0.5 mL of a 1:1 solution) overnight.The reaction was concentrated in vacuo (Speed Vac) to give titlecompound (8 mg; 25%). Reverse-phase analytical HPLC showed that thepurity of the product was >88%; LC/MS (electrospray detection) gave thecorrect [M+H]⁺=521.2 for the title compound.

EXAMPLE 313

[0501]

[0502] A mixture of the amino-ester (20 mg; 0.0474 mmol),

[0503] (prepared as described in Example 7 Part B),

[0504] thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (9.1 mg, 0.71 mmol), EDCI (26 mg, 1.4mmol) and DMAP (a catalytic amount) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) andstirred at RT overnight. The reaction solution was successively washedwith aqueous 1N HCl (2 mL) and sat'd aqueous NaHCO₃ (2 mL). To theorganic phase was then added 0.5 g anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and 0.2 gWA21]amine-bound resin (Supelco). The mixture was shaken for 0.5 h andthe solids were filtered off. TFA (2.0 mL) was added to the filtrate andthe solution was shaken at RT overnight. The reaction solution wasconcentrated in vacuo using a Speed Vac for 16 h to afford titlecompound as a yellow oil. Reverse phase analytical HPLC (YMC S5 ODS4.6×33 mm column, continuous gradient from 100% A to 100% B for 2 min ata flow rate of 5 mL/min [Solvent A=10% MeOH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; SolventB=90% MeOH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄]) indicated that the product purity was92.7%. In addition, LC/MS (electrospray) gave the correct molecular ion[(M+H)⁺=477.2] for the desired title compound.

EXAMPLE 314

[0505] Another purification protocol using amine-bound resin for theamide-acid product is illustrated by the following synthesis:

[0506] To a mixture of the amino-ester (20 mg; 0.0474 mmol),

[0507] (prepared as described in Example 7 Part B), and3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (13 mg, 0.071 mmol) in anhydrous CH₃CN (0.5mL) was added a solution of BOP reagent (31 mg, 0.071 mmol) in CH₃CN(0.5 mL), followed by DIEA (41 μL, 0.23 mmol) in CH₃CN (0.5 mL). Thereaction was shaken at RT overnight. Volatiles were removed in vacuousing a Speed Vac and CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added. The solution was washedsuccessively with aqueous 1N HCl (2 mL) and sat'd aqueous NaHCO₃ (2 mL).To the organic phase was added 0.5 g anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and 0.2 gWA21]amine-bound resin (Supelco). The mixture was shaken for 0.5 h andthe solids were filtered. TFA (2 mL) was added to the filtrate and thesolution was shaken at RT overnight. The reaction solution wasconcentrated in vacuo using a Speed Vac for 16 h to afford the finalproduct as a yellow gum. Reverse-phase analytical HPLC (YMC S5 ODS4.6×33 mm column, continuous gradient from 100% A to 100% B for 2 min ata flow rate of 5 mL/min [Solvent A=10% MeOH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; SolventB=90% MeOH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄]) indicated that the product purity was90%. In addition, LC/MS (electrospray) gave the correct molecular ion[(M+H)⁺=531.3] for the title compound.

EXAMPLES 315 TO 391

[0508] Following one of the above procedures, the following compounds inTables 6 and 7 of the invention were prepared. TABLE 6 (Amide-Acids)

Example No. R^(3e) [M + H]⁺ 315

521.2 216

507.3 317

563.1 318

561.2 319

499.3 320

559.2 321

491.1 322

522.2 323

491.2 324

543.3 325

515.3 326

535.3 327

499.3 328

485.3 329

503.3 330

517.3 331

513.3 332

527.3 333

519.3 334

515.3 335

515.3 336

529.3 337

477.2 338

471.2 339

501.3 340

489.2 341

539.2 342

529.3 343

515.3 344

485.3 345

501.3 346

505.2 347

505.2 348

527.3 349

539.2 350

489.3 351

523.2 352

515.3 353

511.2 354

523.1 355

499.2 356

503.2 357

521.2 358

529.2 359

529.2 360

530.2 361

530.2

[0509] TABLE 7 (Amide-Acids)

Example No. R³ [M + H]⁺ 362

499.2 363

547.2 364

563.2 365

561.1 366

595.1 367

593.1 368

595.1 369

597.1 370

563.1 371

547.2 372

563.1 373

577.2 374

561.2 375

561.2 376

536.2 377

577.2 378

577.2 379

615.3 380

499.3 381

519.3 382

507.3 383

539.2 384

505.2 385

505.2 386

522.7 387

513.3 388

527.3 389

529.3 390

527.3 391

523.1

EXAMPLE 392

[0510]

[0511] To a solution of the amine (47 mg; 0.12 mmol)

[0512] (prepared as described in Example 3 Part A),

[0513] in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) were added iPr₂NEt (0.1 mL; 0.57 mmol) and DMAP(14 mg; 0.12 mmol) followed by benzyl isocyanate (24 mg; 0.18 mmol). Thereaction was stirred for 14 h, then passed through an SCX cartridge [the3 g SCX cartridge was prewashed successively with MeOH (10 mL) andCH₂Cl₂ (5 mL)] by eluting with CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL). The filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo to give the crude urea Part A compound (53 mg;84%), which was sufficiently pure to be used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

[0514] A solution of the crude Part A urea-ethyl ester (53 mg) andLiOH.H₂O (12 mg) in THF: MeOH:H₂O (3:1:1; 5 mL) was stirred at RT for 2days. The solution was acidified to pH3 with aqueous 1M HCl,concentrated in vacuo, and purified by preparative HPLC (utilizing a YMCS5 ODS 20 mm×100 mm column; with a continuous gradient from 70% A:30% Bto 100% B for 10 minutes at a flow rate of 20 mL/min, whereA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and where B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to givetitle compound (12 mg; 24%) as an off-white solid. [M+H]⁺=500.2

EXAMPLE 393

[0515]

[0516] To a solution of the amine (0.25 g, 0.66 mmol)

[0517] (prepared as described in Example 6),

[0518] in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added 4-methoxyphenyl isocyanate (0.20 g,1.32 mmol) in one portion and the resulting solution was stirred for 1 hat RT. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuo to give anoil, which was chromatographed (SiO₂; 1.5% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to provide titlecompound (0.34 g; 97%) as a colorless oil.

[0519] A solution of Part A compound (0.14 g, 0.26 mmol) and LiOH (0.1g, 4.3 mmol) in H₂O/THF (5 ml of a 40:60 solution) was stirred for 12 hat 25° C. The reaction mixture was acidified with HOAc and extractedwith EtOAc (2×). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo to provide title compound (0.12 g; 90%) as acolorless oil. [M+H]⁺=516

[0520]¹H NMR (CD₃OD; δ): 7.94 (m, 2H), 7.45 (m, 3H), 7.23 (m, 3H), 6.80(m, 2H), 6.80 (m, 3H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 4.23 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (s,2H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 2.98 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 394

[0521]

[0522] A solution of the previously described carbamoyl chloride(Example 139 Part A compound; 0.15 g; 0.34 mmol)

[0523] N-methyl-p-anisidine (0.14 g, 1.0 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.15 g, 1.1mmol) in 5 ml of acetone was stirred at 25° C. for 12 h. The reactionmixture was concentrated in vacuo to yield an oily residue, which waschromatographed (SiO₂; 1.5% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to provide title compound (0.12g; 65%) as a colorless oil.

[0524] A solution of Part A compound (0.12 g, 0.22 mmol) and LiOH (0.050g, 2.1 mmol) in H₂O/THF (5 mL of a 40:60 solution) was stirred at RT for12 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to yield an oilyresidue, which was purified by preparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 30×250 mmcolumn; flow rate=25 ml/min. 30 min continuous gradient from A:B=50:50to 100% B; solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA; solvent B=90:10:0.1MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to provide title compound (59 mg, 50%) as a colorless oil.[M+H]⁺=530.3

[0525] NMR (CDCl₃): 7.99 (d, 6.2 Hz, 2H, 7.45 (m, 3H), 7.24 (m, 3H),6.82 (d, 6.2 Hz, 2H), 6.79 (m, 1H), 6.63 (m, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 4.24 (s,2H), 4.16 (t, 7.8 Hz), 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.59 (s, 2H), 3.16 (s, 2H),3.02 (t, 7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLES 395 TO 410

[0526] Utilizing one of the above procedures, the analogs in Tables 8and 9 were synthesized. TABLE 8 (Urea-Acids)

Example No. R^(3f) [M + H]⁺ 395

562.3 396

546.3 397

554.2 398

532.3 399

522.3 400

546.3 401

516.3

[0527] TABLE 9 (Urea-Acids)

Example No. R^(3f) [M + H]⁺ 402

562.3 403

546.3 404

554.2 405

532.3 406

522.3 407

546.3 408

516.3 409

516.3

EXAMPLE 410

[0528]

[0529] The title compound was prepared as part of a solution phaselibrary run using the following procedure:

[0530] To a mixture of 1-naphthylsulfonyl chloride (26.8 mg, 0.12 mmol)and DMAP (2 mg, 0.016 mmol) in pyridine (2 mL) was added a solution ofthe amino-t-butyl ester

[0531] (prepared as described in Example 8)

[0532] (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) in pyridine (0.6 mL). The reaction was stirredat RT for 20 h. Resin-bound amine (WA21J, Supelco; 5.8 mmol/g loading;150 mg) was added to the mixture. The reaction was stirred for a further4 h. The resin was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated invacuo to give the crude product, which was chromatographed (CUSIL12M6column; United technology; 2 g of sorbent in a 6 mL column) by theprocedure outlined below.

[0533] 1) The column was conditioned with hexane (20 mL).

[0534] 2) The residue was dissolved in a minimal volume of EtOAc andloaded onto the silica gel column.

[0535] 3) The cartridge was eluted with Hex/EtOAc(3:1), Hex/EtOAc (1:1).The desired fraction (identified by TLC) was collected and concentratedto give title compound as a viscous oil which was used in the next stepwithout any further purification.

[0536] Et₃N ((0.3 ml of a 1M solution in CH₂Cl₂) and TMSI (0.3 ml of a1M solution in CH₂Cl₂) were successively added to a solution of Part Acompound in CH₂Cl₂. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 12 h andthen was concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product. The productwas purified by solid-phase extraction using a CHQAX12M6 column (Unitedtechnology; 2 g of sorbent in a 6 mL column) by the procedure outlinedbelow.

[0537] 1) The column was conditioned with CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL).

[0538] 2) The residue was dissolved in a minimal volume of CH₂Cl₂ andloaded onto the SAX column.

[0539] 3) The cartridge was washed successively with CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL),CH₂Cl₂/MeOH (5% MeOH, 15 mL), CH₂Cl₂/MeOH (50% MeOH, 15 mL), MeOH (20mL).

[0540] 4) The product was eluted with a solution of 1% TFA in MeOH (20mL).

[0541] The final product-containing fraction was collected andconcentrated in vacuo using a Speed Vac to afford BMS-329075 (16 mg;62%). Reverse-phase analytical HPLC indicated that the product puritywas 90%. In addition, LC/MS (electrospray) gave the correct molecularion

[0542] [(M+H)⁺=557.1] for the desired compound.

EXAMPLE 411

[0543]

[0544] The following general procedure was utilized for the preparationof the requisite substituted benzyl sulfonyl chlorides:

[0545] Cl₂ gas was bubbled into a 0° C. solution of 4-fluorobenzylmercaptan (1.0 g, Lancaster) in glacial acetic acid (100 mL) and H₂O(5.0 mL) for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then poured into ice-H₂O andimmediately extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL); the organic phase wascautiously washed successively with H₂O (200 mL), aqueous saturatedNaHCO₃ (2×100 mL), and finally brine (200 mL). The organic phase wasdried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to furnish 4-fluorobenzylsulfonyl chloride as a colorless solid (1.3 g; 89%).

[0546] To a solution of the secondary amine methyl ester (25 mg; 0.066mmol)

[0547] (prepared as described in Example 6),

[0548] in pyridine (0.8 mL) was added 4-fluorobenzyl sulfonyl chloride(68 mg; 0.33 mmol; 5 equiv). The mixture was heated to 75° C., stirredovernight at 75° C., and then concentrated in vacuo. The black residuewas treated with aqueous LiOH (1.0 mL of a 0.3 M solution) inH₂O/MeOH/THF for 18 h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue wasacidified with 1.0 M aqueous HCl to pH=1-2 and extracted with EtOAc(2×), dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give the crudeproduct. Purification by preparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 20 mm×250 mmreverse-phase column; 15 min continuous gradient from 60:40 A:B to 100%B with 10 min hold time, where A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and B=90:10:0.1MeOH:H₂O:TFA; flow rate=25 mL/min) gave the title compound (12 mg; 34%)as a white solid. [M+H]+(LC/MS)=539.1

EXAMPLES 412 TO 456

[0549] Utilizing one of the above procedures, the analogs in Tables 10and 11 were synthesized. TABLE 10 (Sulfonamide-Acids)

Example No. R^(3g) [M + H]⁺ 412

507.3 413

575.2 414

525.2 415

521.2 416

533.2 417

513.2 418

535.3 419

575.2 420

581.1 421

590.3 422

589.2 423

535.3 424

539.1 425

541.2 426

589.0 427

573.2 428

555.2 429

555.3 430

589.2 431

535.3 432

605.3 433

577.4

[0550] TABLE 11 (Sulfonamide-Acids)

Example No. R^(3g) [M + H]⁺ 434

549.4 435

557.3 436

506.3 437

549.3 438

541.2 439

521.3 440

533.3 441

535.4 442

575.3 443

678.3 444

597.4 445

589.2 446

535.3 447

539.1 448

539.1 449

589.0 450

573.2 451

555.2 452

555.3 453

589.2 454

535.3 455

605.3 456

577.4

EXAMPLE 457

[0551]

[0552] To a 0° C. solution of methyl 2-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylate(0.2 g, 1.3 mmol), 2-(5-methyl-2-phenyl oxazol-4-yl)ethanol (0.32 g,1.56 mmol) and Ph₃P (0.38 g, 1.56 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added DEAD(0.2 mL, 1.95 mmol) dropwise and the reaction was stirred at 25° C. for12 h. The solution was concentrated in vacuo, and chromatographed onSiO₂ (4:1 hex:EtOAc) to provide title compound (0.28 g, 63%) as an oil.

[0553] To a −78° C. solution of Part A compound (0.289., 0.82 mmol) inTHF (10 mL) was added DIBALH (2.0 mL of a 1 M solution in CH₂Cl₂; 1.95mmol) and the reaction was stirred at −78° C. for 4 h. TLC of an aliquotof the reaction showed the presence of both the corresponding aldehydeand alcohol. The reaction was warmed to 25° C. and stirred at RT for 1h, after which only the alcohol was observed by TLC. The reaction wasquenched with water and diluted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washedwith brine, dried (MgSO₄), and concentrated in vacuo to furnish titlecompound as an oil. This crude material was used in the next reactionwithout further purification.

[0554] To a −78° C. solution of oxalyl chloride (0.22 mL, 2.6 mmol) andDMSO (0.37 mL, 5.2 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL) was added dropwise a solutionof Part B compound (0.42 g of crude material in 5 mL CH₂Cl₂). Thereaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at −78° C. and then Et₃N (1 mL) wasadded dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 0.5 hat −78° C. and then was slowly warmed to 25° C. The reaction mixture wasdiluted with EtOAc (200 mL) and washed successively with aqueous NaHCO₃and brine. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), then concentrated invacuo to provide title compound (0.40 g; 95%) as an oil, which was usedin the next step without further purification.

[0555] A mixture of Part C compound (<0.82 mmol), glycine methyl esterhydrochloride (0.5 g., 4.0 mmol), NaBH(OAc)₃ (0.85 g., 4.0 mmol) and DCE(10 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was thendiluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and washed successively with aqueous NaHCO₃and brine. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), then concentrated invacuo to give title compound (0.31 g; 82%) as an oil (>95% pure byanalytical reverse-phase HPLC) which was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

[0556] A mixture of Part D compound (0.050 g; 0.13 mmol),4-phenoxybenzaldehyde (0.048 g; 0.26 mmol), NaBH(OAc)₃ (0.082 g; 0.39mmol) in DCE (10 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 12 h. The reactionmixture was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and washed successively withaqueous NaHCO₃ and brine. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), thenconcentrated in vacuo to give the tertiary amino methyl ester as an oilyresidue. To this residue, LiOH (0.050 g) and H₂O/THF (2 mL of a 60/40solution) were added and the reaction was stirred at RT for 12 h.Preparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 30×250 mm column-continuous gradient over30 min; flow rate=25 mL/min from 30:70 A:B to 100% B;A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:CF₃CO₂H; B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:CF₃CO₂H) providedtitle compound (0.021 g; 30%) as a TFA salt.

[0557]¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, 6.6 Hz, 2H), 7.86 (d, 8.8Hz, 1H), 7.45 (m, 3H), 7.34 (m, 3H), 7.14 (t, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.02-6.92 (m,5H), 6.81 (t, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (m, 6H), 3.59 (s, 2H), 3.06 (t, 6.2 Hz,2H)

EXAMPLE 458

[0558]

[0559] A mixture of 2-hydroxypyridine-6-carboxylic acid (1.30 g, 9.4mmol), concentrated H₂SO₄ (0.5 mL) and MeOH (20 mL) was heated to refluxfor 12 h. The reaction was complete at this point by analytical HPLC.The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a light yellowoil, which was diluted with EtOAc and washed with aqueous NaHCO₃. Theorganic phase was dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield titlecompound as a solid (0.43 g, 30%).

[0560] To a solution of Part A compound (0.43 g, 2.8 mmol),2-(5-methyl-2-phenyloxazol-4-yl)ethanol (0.68 g, 3.3 mmol) and Ph₃P (1.0g, 4.07 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added DEAD (0.66 mL, 4.2 mmol) and thereaction was stirred at RT for 12 h. The solution was concentrated invacuo and the residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; 20% acetone/hexanes) toprovide title compound as an oil (0.92 g; 97%).

[0561] To a solution of Part B compound (0.92 g, 2.7 mmol) in THF (50mL) was added LiAlH₄ (5 mL of a 1.0 M solution in THF, 5 mmol) dropwiseat −78° C. and the resulting reaction was allowed to warm to 0° C. over2 h. The reaction was then quenched by adding a few pieces of ice intothe mixture. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (200 mL)and brine (50 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄) and concentratedin vacuo to give an oil (0.92 g; 95%) which was used in the nextreaction without further purification.

[0562] To a solution of oxalyl chloride (0.47 mL, 5.4 mmol) and DMSO(0.36 mL, 10.8 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL) was added dropwise a solution ofPart C compound (0.92 g; >2.7 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) at −78° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred for 2 h and then Et₃N (1 mL) was addeddropwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for an additional 0.5h at −78° C. and then slowly warmed to 25° C. The reaction mixture wasthen diluted with EtOAc (200 mL) and washed successively with aqueousNaHCO₃ and brine. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄) and thenconcentrated in vacuo to yield title compound (0.90 g; >90% pure by ¹HNMR analysis) as an oil. This material was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

[0563] To a solution of Part D compound (0.90 g; 2.7 mmol), glycinemethyl ester hydrochloride (1.7 g, 13.5 mmol)in 1,2 dichloroethane (10mL) was added NaBH(OAc)₃ (1.7 g, 8.1 mmol) in one portion. The resultingsolution was stirred at 25° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo to give an oil, which was chromatographed (SiO₂;30% acetone in hexane) to provide title compound (0.86 g; 83%) as acolorless oil.

[0564] A solution of Part E compound (0.040 g, 0.1 mmol),4-phenoxybenzaldehyde (0.030 g, 0.15 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (0.060 g, 0.3mmol) in DCE (10 mL) was stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction mixturewas concentrated in vacuo and the oily residue was chromatographed(SiO₂; 30% acetone in hexane) to provide the amino-ester title compound(56 mg; >95%) as a colorless oil.

[0565] A solution of Part F compound (56 mg; 0.1 mmol) and LiOH (0.050g; 0.21 mmol) in H₂O/THF (2 mL of a 6:4 solution) was stirred at RT for12 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a whitesolid, which was dissolved in MeOH and purified by preparative HPLC (YMCS5 ODS 30×250 mm column; continuous gradient over 30 min; flow rate=25mL/min from 30:70 A:B to 100% B; A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA; B=90:10:0.1MeOH:H₂O:TFA). Title compound (41 mg; 72%) was obtained as a TFA salt.

[0566]¹H NMR (MeOH-D₄): 7.90 (m, 2H), 7.71 (t, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, 8.7Hz, 2H), 7.44 (m, 3H), 7.36 (t, 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (t, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.96(m, 5H), 6.82 (d, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (t, 6.2 Hz, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 4.50(s, 2H), 4.17 (s, 2H), 3.00 (t, 6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H).C₃₄H₃₁N₃O₅=550.23 (M+H⁺) by LC/MS (electrospray).

EXAMPLE 459

[0567]

[0568] To a 0° C. solution of 2-(5-methyl-2-phenyloxazol-4-yl)ethanol(1.07 g, 5.25 mmol), Ph₃P (1.38 g, 5.25 mmol) andN-Boc-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine (1.24 g, 5.25 mmol) in THF (36 mL) wasadded DEAD (0.83 mL, 5.25 mmol). The reaction was allowed to warm to RTand stirred for 15 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo,and the residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 95:5to 4:1 hex:EtOAc) to obtain title compound (1.43 g, 65%).

[0569] A solution of Part A compound (1.01 g, 2.37 mmol) and TFA (8 mL)in CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) was stirred at RT for 4.5 h. The solution wasconcentrated in vacuo, and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ andfiltered through a pad of solid K₂CO₃. The filtrate was concentrated invacuo to give the corresponding crude amine. To a solution of the crudeamine in THF (11.9 mL) were added pyridine (0.383 mL, 4.74 mmol) and2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (0.85 g, 3.19 mmol) and the solutionwas stirred at RT for 15 h. Since some starting material still remainedat this point, more sulfonyl chloride (0.32 g, 1.2 mmol) was then added.After a further 4 h, HPLC analysis indicated that all starting materialhad been consumed. The reaction mixture was diluted with Et₂O, washedwith iN aq HCl, saturated aq NaHCO₃ and brine, dried (MgSO₄), filteredand concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide

[0570] To a solution of the crude 2,4-dinitrobenzene-sulfonamide inCH₃CN (3 mL) were added K₂CO₃ (excess) and tert-butyl bromoacetate (7.11mmol). The reaction was stirred at RT overnight. HPLC analysis indicatedthe ratio of product to starting material was 2/1. More DMF (3 mL),K₂CO₃ and tert-butyl bromoacetate were added to the reaction mixture.The reaction was complete in 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted withEt₂O, washed with 1N aq HCl, saturated NaHCO₃ and brine, dried (MgSO₄),and concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude tert-butyl ester. Thiscrude material was chromatographed (SiO₂; hexanes/EtOAc; stepwisegradient from 9:1 to 2:1) to give title compound (0.663 g, 42% overall).

[0571] To a solution of Part B compound (0.663 g, 0.995 mmol) in THF(2.5 mL) were added Et₃N (0.208 mL, 1.49 mmol) and mercaptoacetic acid(0.090 mL, 1.29 mmol). The reaction was stirred at RT overnight. Thereaction mixture was then diluted with Et₂O, washed with 1N aq HCl,saturated NaHCO₃ and brine, dried (MgSO₄), and concentrated in vacuo.The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; hexanes/EtOAc; stepwise gradientfrom 9:1 to 2:1) to give title compound (0.265 g, 61%).

[0572] To a solution of Part C compound (0.015 g, 0.0344 mmol) in DCE (1mL) were added 4-phenoxybenzaldehyde (0.103 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (0.0365g, 0.172 mmol). The reaction was stirred at RT for 15 h. The reactionmixture was filtered through a cotton plug to provide a clear solution,which was diluted with CH₂Cl₂, washed with saturated aq NaHCO₃ andbrine, dried (MgSO₄), and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product waspurified by preparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 30×250 mm column: flow rate 25mL/min, gradient 20% B to 100% B over 25 min, 100% B hold for 15 min,Retention time=29.1 min) to furnish the tert-butyl ester. A solution ofthis material was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (1.3 mL) and TFA (0.5 mL) wasadded slowly. The reaction was stirred at RT overnight and was thenconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was then dissolved in CH₂Cl₂, washedwith H₂O, saturated aq NaHCO₃ and brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentratedin vacuo to give title compound (0.012 g, 61%). LC/MS gave the correct[M+H]⁺=563.3

[0573] Further analogs (as shown in the table below) were synthesized bythe same reductive amination procedure as described in Example 459 PartD using Example 459 Part C compound and different aromatic aldehydes. Inaddition carbamate-acids such as Example 461 compound were alsosynthesized using the general method described previously for thesynthesis of the Example 136 compound. TABLE 12

Example No. R³ [M + H]⁺ 460

571.3 461

515.3 462

471.3

EXAMPLE 463

[0574]

[0575] To a solution of the Example 230 acid (240 mg, 0.47 mmol) in DMF(2.0 mL) were added HOAT (68 mg, 0.49 mmol), EDAC (94 mg, 0.49 mmol) and2-cyanoethylamine (34 mg, 0.49 mmol). The solution was stirred at RT for18 h; analysis of the reaction by LC-MS showed that starting materialwas still present. Additional 2-cyanoethylamine (34 mg, 0.49 mmol) wasadded and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 48 h. Volatileswere removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (40 mL)and washed successively with water (2×30 mL) and brine (30 mL). Theorganic phase was dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The resultingwhite residue was dissolved in a minimum amount of CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) andprecipitation by the cautious addition of EtOAc furnished the amideproduct title compound (184 mg; 70%) as a white solid.

[0576] To a 0° C. solution of Part A compound (180 mg; 0.32 mmol) inCH₂Cl₂ (1.5 mL) were successively added Ph₃P (83 mg; 0.32 mmol), DEAD(100 μL, 0.64 mmol) and TMSN₃ (85 uL, 0.64 mmol). The reaction mixturewas stirred at RT for 24 h. LC-MS analysis showed that a significantamount of starting material still remained. The reaction mixture wasthen concentrated in vacuo to ⅔ of the original volume and additionalPh₃P, DEAD and TMSN₃ (1 equivalent of each reagent) were added. Thereaction mixture was stirred at RT for another 24 h and then dilutedwith EtOAc (40 mL). The solution was treated with 5% aqueous CANsolution (10 mL) and stirred for 15 min. The reaction solution waswashed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL), dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂;ether:CH₂Cl₂ 3:7) to furnish the title compound (100 mg; 53%) as a whitesolid.

[0577] To a solution of Part B compound (100 mg, 0.17 mmol) inTHF/1,4-dioxane (6:1, 1.4 mL) was added aqueous NaOH solution (0.6 mL ofa 1.0 M solution, 3.5 equiv). The mixture was stirred at RT for 14 h andthen acidified to ˜pH 2 with 1.0 M aqueous H₃PO₄ solution. EtOAc (30 mL)was added, and the organic phase was washed with water (15 mL) and brine(15 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; 4% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to give the title tetrazole (35mg; 38%) as a white foam. LC/MS (electrospray) gave the correctmolecular ion: [M+H]⁺=541.3

EXAMPLE 464

[0578]

[0579] A mixture of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (500 mg, 4.09 mmol), glycinemethyl ester hydrochloride (544 mg, 4.09 mmol) and Et₃N (495 mg, 4.9mmol) in dry MeOH (5 mL) was stirred at RT for 3 h. NaBH₄ (155 mg, 4.09mmol) was then added in three portions. The reaction was stirred at RTfor another 30 min. Saturated aqueous Na₂CO₃ (1 mL) was added to destroythe remaining NaBH₄ and then aqueous HCl (10 mL of a 1N solution) wasadded. The aqueous phase was washed with EtOAc (3×20 mL), then carefullybasified with 1N aq NaOH to pH=7-8. The aqueous phase was then extractedwith EtOAc (3×20 mL). The orange-red solution was concentrated in vacuoto give title compound as a yellow viscous oil.

[0580] Part A compound (38 mg, 0.195 mmol), 4-methoxyphenylchloroformate and pyridine (39 mg, 5 mmol) was dissolved in 0.1 mLCH₂Cl₂, for 5 min. The reaction mixture was then washed with aqueous HCl(2×2 mL of a 1N solution). The organic phase was washed with brine,dried (Na₂SO₄), concentrated in vacuo and chromatographed (SiO₂;hex:EtOAc=7:3) to give title compound (40 mg; 59%) as a pale yellow oil.

[0581] To a solution of Part B compound (40 mg, 0.116 mol),2-[2-phenyl-5-methyl-oxazole-4-yl]-ethanol (Maybridge; 24 mg, 0.116mmol) and Ph₃P (40 mg, 0.151 mol) in dry THF (3 mL) was added dropwiseDEAD (26 mg, 0.151 mmol). The solution was stirred at RT overnight. Theorange-red solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue waspurified by Prep-HPLC (continuous gradient from 50% A:50% B to 100% B;A=90% H₂₀:10% MeOH+0.1% TFA);(B 90% MeOH/10% H₂O+0.1% TFA) for 10 min;YMC SH-343-5 ODS 20×100 mm (5 μm) column) to provide title compound (30mg, 47%) as a yellow viscous oil.

[0582] Part C compound was dissolved in MeOH (3 mL) and H₂O (0.3 mL). Tothis solution was added LiOH (3 mg) and the reaction was stirred at RTfor 3 h. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the solution was acidifiedwith 1N aqueous HCl to pH=3-4. The aqueous phase was extracted withEtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine,dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give title compound as awhite solid (18 mg; 64%). LC/MS (electrospray) gave the correctmolecular ion [(M+H)⁺=516].

[0583]¹H NMR (δ): 2.27-2.32 (m, 3H), 2.96-2.98 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.69 (d,3H), 4.06-4.20 (m, 4H), 4.55-4.63 (d, 2H), 6.74-6.93 (m, 4H),7.19-7.35(m, 2 h), 7.88-7.90 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 465

[0584]

[0585] A mixture of β-alanine methyl ester hydrochloride (51 mg; 0.363mmol), Et₃N (50 μL; 0.363 mmol) and the aldehyde (100 mg; 0.33 mmol)

[0586] in MeOH (1 mL) was stirred at RT for 3 h. NaBH₄ (14 mg; 0.363mmol) was then added and the reaction was stirred at RT for another 1 h.Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue was partitioned betweensaturated aqueous Na₂CO₃ and EtOAc (20 mL each). The organic phase wasconcentrated in vacuo to give Part A compound as a yellow oil which wasused in the next step without further purification.

[0587] To a solution of Part A compound (20 mg; 0.050 mmol) and pyridine(0.50 mL) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added 3-chlorophenyl chloroformate (14mg; 0.070 mmol). The reaction was stirred at RT for 2 h, then volatileswere removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (YMCS5 ODS 20×75 mm reverse phase column; continuous gradient from 50:50 A:Bto 100% B, where A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA)to give Part B compound.

[0588] A solution of Part B compound and LIOH.H₂O (5 mg) in THF:H₂O(4:1) was stirred at RT for 1 h. The reaction solution was acidified topH 3 with aqueous HCl, then extracted with EtOAc. The combined organicextracts were concentrated in vacuo to give title compound (5 mg; 18%)as a white solid. [M+H]⁺=535.2; 537.2

EXAMPLE 466

[0589]

[0590] Title compound was synthesized using the same sequence as inExample 465 with the exception that the aldehyde

[0591] was used. [M+H]⁺=535.2; 537.2

[0592] Following procedures as described above, Examples 467 to 472compounds were prepared.

EXAMPLES 467 TO 469

[0593]

Example No. R³ [M + H]⁺ 467

501.3 468

563.3 469

515.3

EXAMPLES 470 TO 472

[0594]

Example No. R³ [M + H]⁺ 470

501.3 471

563.3 472

515.3

EXAMPLE 473

[0595]

[0596] A mixture of 3-iodophenol (2.0 g; 9.1 mmol), acetic anhydride(4.6 g; 45.5 mmol) and pyridine (3.6 g; 45.5 mmol) was stirred in CH₂c1₂(20 mL) for 3 h. The resulting mixture was washed with saturated aqueousNH₄Cl (3×100 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give Part Acompound (2.30 g; 97%) as a yellow oil.

[0597] A mixture of Part A compound (1.00 g; 4.0 mmol),trimethylsilylacetylene (780 mg; 8 mmol), CuI (15 mg; 0.08 mmol) and(Ph₃P)₂Pd₂Cl₂ (28 mg; 0.04 mmol) in diethylamine (10 mL) was stirred atRT for 3 h. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; hexane:EtOAc 4:1) to give crude Part B compound,which was used in the next step without further purification.

[0598] To a solution of crude Part B compound in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) wereadded pyridine (3 mL; 37 mmol)) and acetic anhydride (4 mL; 42 mmol).The reaction was stirred at RT for 2 h, then was partitioned betweensaturated aqueous NH₄C (30 mL) and CH₂Cl₂. The organic phase was washedwith additional saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (30 mL) and H₂O (100 mL), dried(Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give Part C compound, which wasused in the next step without further purification.

[0599] A solution of crude Part C compound and Bu₄NF (1.1 g; 12 mmol) inTHF (10 mL) was stirred at RT for 1.7 h, after which all startingmaterial had been consumed. The reaction solution was washed with H₂O,Celite® was added, and volatiles were removed in vacuo. The solids werechromatographed (SiO₂; hexane:EtOAc 9:1) to give Part D compound (400mg; 63% over 3 steps).

[0600] A mixture of Part D compound (400 mg; 2.5 mmol) and Pd/CaCo3/Pbcatalyst (40 mg; Aldrich) in MeOH (20 mL) was stirred under anatmosphere of H₂ for 30 min. The mixture was filtered through Celite®and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; hexane:EtOAc 95:5) to give Part E compound (310mg; 77%) as a colorless oil.

[0601] To a 0° C. solution of Part E compound (310 mg; 1.9 mmol) in DCE(10 mL) were successively added dropwise neat diethylzinc (491 μL; 4.8mmol; Aldrich) and ICH₂Cl (700 μL; 9.6 mmol). The reaction mixture wasallowed to warm to RT and then stirred at RT for 3 h, after which it waspartitioned between saturated aqueous NH₄Cl and EtOAc (50 mL each). Theorganic phase was washed with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl and H₂O (50 mLeach) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂;hexane:EtOAc 9:1) to furnish Part F compound (230 mg; 69%) as acolorless oil.

[0602] A mixture of Part F compound (100 mg; 0.57 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (157mg; 1.1 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was stirred at RT overnight (no reaction).Aqueous LiOH (1.1 mL of a 1 M solution; 1.1 mmol) was added and thesolution was stirred at RT overnight. Volatiles were removed in vacuoand the residue was partitioned between aqueous 1 M HCl and EtOAc. Theorganic phase was concentrated in vacuo and the residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; hexane:EtOAc 4:1) to furnish Part G compound (70mg; 92%) as a yellow oil.

[0603] To a solution of Part G compound (6 mg; 0.045 mmol) in DMF (0.2mL) was added potassium t-butoxide (5 mg; 0.05 mmol). The reaction wasstirred for 2 min at RT, after which the carbamoyl chloride (20 mg;0.045 mmol)

[0604] was added and the reaction was stirred at RT for a further 15min. Volatiles were then removed in vacuo and the residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; hexane:EtOAc 7:3) to furnish Part H compound (11mg; 45%) as a yellow oil.

[0605] A solution of Part H compound and LiOH.H₂O in MeOH/H₂O (10 mL ofa 9:1 mixture) was stirred at RT overnight. The solution was thenacidified to pH ˜3 with aqueous HCl and extracted with EtOAc. Thecombined organic extracts were concentrated in vacuo and purified bypreparative HPLC to give title compound (10.1 mg; 95%) as an off-whitelyophilate. [M+H]⁺=527.3

EXAMPLE 474

[0606]

[0607] A mixture of 3-benzyloxybenzaldehyde (2.00 g; 1.0 mmol), ethylbromoacetate (1.67 g; 1.0 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (3.25 g; 1.0 mmol) in DMF (20mL) was stirred at RT for 8 h. The reaction mixture was partitionedbetween H₂O (300 mL) and EtOAc (100 mL). The aqueous phase was extractedwith EtOAc (2×100 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed withbrine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; 85:15 hex:EtOAc) to obtain Part A compound (3.48g; >100%) as a colorless oil.

[0608] To a solution of Part A compound (3.4 g; 11.9 mmol) in dry THF(50 mL) under Ar was added LiAlH₄ (36 mL of a 0.5 M solution in THF;17.8 mmol) dropwise. The reaction was stirred at RT for 1 h. Thereaction was quenched by slow addition of saturated aqueous NH₄CL (1mL). Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue was partitionedbetween EtOAc (100 mL) and 1 M aqueous HCl. The organic phase was dried(Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give Part B compound (2.4 g; 98%)as a white solid.

[0609] To a solution of Part B compound (2.4 g; 9.8 mmol) and Ph₃P (3.1g; 14.7 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ was added CBr₄ (4.80 g; 14.7 mmol). The reactionwas stirred at RT overnight, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; 95:5 hex:EtOAc) to give Part C compound (2.8 g;93%) as a white solid.

[0610] A mixture of Part C compound (310 mg; 1.0 mmol) and potassiumtert-butoxide (113 mg; 2.0 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was heated at 105°C. for 20 min. Additional KOtBu (56 mg; 1.0 mmol) was added and thereaction heated at 105° C. for another 10 min. The mixture was cooled toRT and partitioned between H₂O (100 mL) and EtOAc (100 mL). The organicphase was washed with H₂O (2×100 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated invacuo. The reaction was repeated with additional Part C compound (500mg; 1.63 mmol) and KOtBu (182 mg; 16 mmol). The combined crude reactionproducts were chromatographed (SiO₂; hexane) to give Part D compound(590 mg; 89%) as a colorless oil.

[0611] To a 0° C. solution of Part D compound (1.4 g; 62 mmol) in DCE(100 mL) was added neat diethylzinc (1.6 mL; 16 mmol) dropwise, followedby ICH₂Cl (5.46 g; 31 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm toRT and stirred at RT overnight, then washed with 1M aqueous HCl. Theorganic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The cruderesidue was chromatographed twice (SiO₂; hexane) to give Part E compound(510 mg; 30%) in addition to recovered starting material Part D compound(250 mg; 18%).

[0612] To a −78° C. solution of Part E compound (510 mg; 2.2 mmol) inliquid NH3 (30 mL) was added Na (500 mg; 22 mmol). The dark bluesolution was stirred at −78° C. for 4 h, then was allowed to warm to RTovernight. The remaining solid residue was partitioned between 1 Maqueous HCl and EtOAc (50 mL each). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄)and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was chromatographed (SiO₂;9:1 hexane:EtOAc) to give Part F compound (240 mg; 75%) as a yellow oil.

[0613] To a solution of Part F compound (150 mg; 1.0 mmol) in DMF (10mL) were successively added KOtBu (112 mg; 1.0 mmol) and a solution ofthe following carbamoyl chloride (44 mg; 1.0 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL).

[0614] (prepared as described in Examples 5 and 139). The reaction wasstirred at RT for 15 min, after which analytical HPLC indicated that allstarting material had been consumed. The mixture was partitioned betweenH₂O and EtOAc (100 mL each). The organic phase was washed with H₂O(2×100 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude productwas chromatographed (SiO₂; 9:1 hexane:EtOAc) to give impure Part Gcompound as a yellow oil.

[0615] A solution of Part G compound (556 mg; 1.0 mmol) and LiOH.H₂O(116 mg; 2.8 mmol) in 10:1 MeOH:H₂O (10 mL) was stirred at RT for 2 h.Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue was acidified to pH 2with aqueous 1 M HCl, then extracted with EtOAc (3×40 mL). The combinedorganic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. Thecrude product was purified by preparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 50×250 mmcolumn; flow rate=25 mL/min; continuous 20 min gradient from 70:30 B:Ato 100% B, where A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA)to give (120 mg; 30% over 2 steps) as a colorless oil. [M+H]⁺=543.2

EXAMPLE 475

[0616]

[0617] Title compound was synthesized from Example 474 Part F compound(150 mg; 1.0 mmol) and the carbamoyl chloride (440 mg; 1.0 mmol)

[0618] (prepared as described in Examples 6 and 139) followed byLiOH/H₂O hydrolysis in the same manner as in Example 474. The titlecompound was isolated and purified as a colorless oil (340 mg; 92% over2 steps). [M+H]⁺=543.3

[0619] Following the procedures described above, the Examples 476 to 494compounds were prepared.

EXAMPLES 476 TO 484

[0620]

Example No. R^(3h) [M + H]⁺ 476

519.1 477

535.1 478

579.1; 581.0 479

535.3 480

551.3 481

595.3; 597.3 482

529.3 483

527.3 484

543.4

EXAMPLES 485 TO 494

[0621]

Example No. R^(3h) [M + H]⁺ 485

519.1 486

535.1 487

579.1; 581.0 488

535.3 489

551.3 490

595.2; 597.2 491

529.3 492

527.3 493

527.3 494

543.3

EXAMPLE 492

[0622]

[0623] Example 492 was synthesized according to the procedures describedhereinbefore.

[0624]¹H NMR (CDCl₃; 400 MHz): δ 0.68 (t, J=4.4 Hz; 2H), 0.94 (t, J=4.4Hz; 2H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 3.06 (s, 2H), 4.02 (t, J=5.2 Hz,2H), 4.22 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 4.60 (2 peaks, 2H), 6.84-6.89 (m, 4H),7.15-7.26 (m, 4H) 7.40-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.98-8.00 (m, 2H).

[0625] The required (commercially unavailable) phenols andchloroformates for the synthesis of the above carbamate-acid analogswere prepared as follows:

3-Fluoro-4-methyl-phenyl Chloroformate

[0626]

[0627] A mixture of 5-methoxy-2-methyl aniline (5.0 g; 36 mmol), HCl(7.6 mL of a 12 M solution; 91 mmol) and H₂O (11 mL) was heated at 60°C. for 15 min until complete dissolution had occurred. The reaction wascooled to 0° C. and an aqueous solution of NaNO₂ (2.5 g; 36 mmol) wasadded dropwise (internal temperature ≦7° C.). The reaction was stirredat 0° C. for 30 min and a 0° C. solution of HBF₄ (5.3 mL of a 48%solution; 40 mmol) was added cautiously. The reaction was stirred at 0°C. for 20 min, and the resultant brown solid was filtered, washed withice water (3×10 mL) and H₂O (2×10 mL). The solid was dried under highvacuum for 20 h, then heated (heat gun) until evolution of BF₃ (whitefumes) had ceased. The resulting brown oil was partitioned between EtOAcand H O. The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄), concentrated in vacuo anddistilled by Kugelrohr to give 3-fluoro-4-methyl anisole (1.6 g; 31%) asa colorless oil.

[0628] To a −70° C. solution of 3-fluoro-4-methyl anisole (1.62 g; 11.6mmol) in CH₂C1₂ (10 mL) was added dropwise BBr₃ (10 mL; 12 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at −70° C. for 10 min, then allowed to warmto 0° C. and stirred at 0° C. for 2 h. The reaction was allowed to warmto RT and concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned betweenH₂O and EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with H₂O, dried (Na₂SO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo to give 3-fluoro-4-methyl phenol (1.1 g; 75%) asan oil. C.

[0629] A solution of 3-fluoro-4-methyl phenol (1.1 g; 8.7 mmol),phosgene (5.9 mL of a 1.93 M solution in toluene; 8.7 mmol), DMF (10 gL)and N,N-dimethylaniline (1.27 g; 8.7 mmol) in chlorobenzene (10 mL) in asealed tube was stirred at RT for 2 h, then at 80° C. for 2 h. Thereaction was cooled to RT, stirred for RT for 1 h, then was concentratedin vacuo. The residue was distilled by Kugelrohr to furnish3-fluoro-4-methyl phenyl chloroformate (800 mg; 49%) as a clear oil.

3-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl Chloroformate

[0630]

[0631] 3-chloro-4-methyl phenyl chloroformate (600 mg; 45% overall for 2steps) was synthesized from 3-chloro-4-methyl anisole (1.0 g) using thesame route (BBr₃-mediated methyl ether cleavage followed by treatmentwith phosgene) as above.

3-bromo-4-methyl-phenyl Chloroformate

[0632]

[0633] To a 0° C. mixture of 3-bromo-4-methyl aniline (5 g; 27 mmol) andH₂SO₄ (5.5 mL of a 16 M solution) in H₂O (7.5 mL) was added dropwise asolution of aqueous NaNO₂ (1.93 g; 28 mmol in 7.5 mL H₂O). The reactionwas stirred at 0° C. for 30 min, then was heated at 50° C. for 2 h, thenwas cooled to RT and extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organicextracts were washed with H₂O, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuoto give 3-bromo-4-methyl phenol (1.72 g; 34%) as an oil. This phenol wasconverted to 3-bromo-4-methyl phenyl chloroformate (1.9 g; 82%) usingthe same procedure (phosgene/dimethylaniline/heat) as for3-fluoro-4-methyl phenyl chloroformate above.

[0634] 2-Methoxyphenyl chloroformate (1.5 g) and 3-methoxyphenylchloroformate (1.5 g) were both synthesized in the same way as for3-fluoro-4-methyl phenyl chloroformate (phosgene/dimethylaniline/heat)from 2-methoxyphenol (2 g) and 3-methoxyphenol (2 g) respectively.

3-chloro-4-methoxy Phenol

[0635]

[0636] To a 0° C. solution of 3-chloro-4-methoxy aniline (1.0 g; 6.4mmol) in 1:1H₂O:conc. H₂SO₄ (100 mL) was added very slowly a solution ofNaNO₂ (0.5 g; 7.6 mmol) in H₂O (10 mL). Thick yellow fumes were emitted,and the black solution was then heated to reflux for 30 min. The mixturewas extracted with EtOAc (4×50 mL) and the combined extracts wereconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; 4:1hex:EtOAc) to obtain 3-chloro-4-methoxy phenol (300 mg; 30%) as a yellowoil.

[0637] 3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-Phenol

[0638] A solution of 3′-fluoro-4′-methoxyacetophenone (10 g; 59 mmol)and m-chloroperbenzoic acid (50% purity; 30 g; 89 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (300mL) was stirred at RT overnight. The solution was washed with saturatedaqueous Na₂CO₃, then filtered through a pad of SiO₂ (CH₂Cl₂ as eluent)and finally chromatographed (SiO₂; hex:EtOAc 4:1) to give the crudeproduct (3′-fluoro-4′-methoxy phenyl acetate; 63 g). A solution of thiscrude material and LiOH.H₂O (5 g; 120 mmol) in MeOH:H₂O (100 mL of a 9:1mixture) was stirred at RT overnight. Volatiles were removed in vacuo,and the residue was partitioned between excess aqueous 1 M HCl and EtOAc(aqueous layer pH˜3). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×).The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated invacuo to give 3-fluoro-4-methoxy phenol (6.1 g; 72%) as an oil.3-bromo-4-methoxy phenol (4.39 g; 47% for 2 steps) was synthesized usingthe exact analogous sequence starting from 3-bromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde.

3-propyl Phenol

[0639]

[0640] A mixture of 3-iodoanisole (2 g; 8.5 mmol),trimethyl-silylacetylene (1.67 g; 17 mmol), CuI (32 mg; 0.17 mmol) and(Ph₃P)₂PdCl₂ (59 mg; 0.085 mmol) in diethylamine (10 mL) was stirred atRT for 1 h. Volatiles were removed in vacuo, and the residue waspartitioned between EtOAc and brine. The organic phase was washed withbrine (2×10 mL) and then filtered through a pad of SiO₂. Volatiles wereremoved in vacuo to give the crude product (3-trimethylsilylethynylanisole) as a light yellow oil. A solution of this crude product andtetrabutylammonium fluoride (6.6 g; 26 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was stirredat RT for 15 min. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; 9:1 hex:EtOAc) to furnish Part A compound (1.0 g;89%) as a yellow oil.

[0641] To a 0° C. solution of Part A compound (1.0 g; 7.6 mmol) inanhydrous THF (5 mL) was added dropwise n-BuLi (4.5 mL of a 2.0 Msolution in hexane; 9.1 mmol). The resulting yellow solution was stirredat 0° C. for 30 min.

[0642] Methyl iodide (1.6 g; 11.4 mmol) was then added and the reactionwas allowed to warm to RT and stirred at RT for 30 min. Volatiles wereremoved in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between aqueous 1N HCland EtOAc. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL), and thecombined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuoto give Part B compound (1.0 g; 92%) as a yellow oil.

[0643] A solution of Part B compound (1.0 g) in MeOH (5 mL) was stirredover 10% Pd/C (10 mg) under an atmosphere of H₂ overnight. The catalystwas removed by filtration through a pad of Celite® and the filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo to give Part C compound (1.0 g; 100%) as a yellowoil.

[0644] To a −78° C. solution of Part C compound (1.0 g; 6.6 mmol) inCH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added BBr₃ (4.8 mL of a 1 M solution in CH₂Cl₂). Thereaction was allowed to warm to RT and was stirred at RT for 3 h, afterwhich it was cautiously partitioned between aqueous 1 M HCl and CH₂C1₂.The organic phase was washed with aqueous NH₄Cl, dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo to give 3-propyl phenol (900 mg; 100%) as a yellowoil.

EXAMPLE 495

[0645]

[0646] A mixture of benzoic acid (1.22 g; 10 mmol), methanesulfonylchloride (1.15 g; 10 mmol), K₂CO₃ (5.52 g; 40 mmol)and.benzyltriethylammonium chloride (0.23 g; 1 mmol) in toluene wasstirred at 80° C. for 2 h. Ethyl hydrazine acetate hydrochloride (1.55g; 10 mmol) was then added and the reaction was stirred for a further 30min, then cooled to RT. Solids were filtered off and the filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwisegradient from 3:1 to 1:1 hexane:EtOAc) to give Part A compound (350 mg;16%) as a white solid.

[0647] To a 0° C. solution of Part A compound (49 mg; 0.22 mol) and thealdehyde (50 mg; 010 mmol)

[0648] in DCE (3 mL) was added NaBH(OAc)₃ (30 mg; 0.42 mmol). Thereaction was allowed to warm to RT and stirred at RT for 2 h, then at60° C. for 18 h. The mixture was cooled to RT and concentrated in vacuo.The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 30×250 mmcolumn; flow rate=25 mL/min; 20 min continuous gradient from 70:30 B:Ato 100% B, where solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to give Part B compound.

[0649] A solution of crude Part B compound in THF (1 mL) and aqueousLiOH (0.3 mL of a 1 M solution; 0.3 mmol) was stirred at RT for 3 h,then acidified to pH ˜3 with aqueous 1 M HCl. The aqueous phase wasextracted with EtOAc (2×); the combined organic extracts wereconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPC (YMC5S ODS 30×250 mm column; flow rate 25 mL/min; 22 min continuous gradientfrom 70:30 B:A to 100% B, where solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA andsolvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to give title compound (26 mg; 33%yield over 2 steps) as a white solid. [M+H]⁺=486.3

EXAMPLE 496

[0650]

[0651] To a 0° C. solution of the aldehyde (200 mg; 0.65 mmol)

[0652] in MeOH (2 mL) was added portionwise NaBH₄ (24 mg; 0.65 mmol),after which the reaction was allowed warm to RT and stirred at RT for 1h. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue was partitionedbetween H₂O and EtOAc. The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo to give the intermediate alcohol as an oil. Asolution of the alcohol in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) and PBr₁ (1 mL of a 1M solutionin CH₂Cl₂) was stirred at RT for 30 min. Volatiles were removed in vacuoand the residue was partitioned between aqueous saturated NaHCO₃ andEtOAc. The organic phase was washed with H₂O, dried (Na₂SO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo to give Part A compound (150 mg; 62%) as an oil.

[0653] A solution of Part A compound (42 mg; 0.11 mmol), Example 500Part A compound (25 mg; 0.11 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (100 mg; 0.71 mmol) in DMF(1 mL) was stirred at RT for 3 days. The reaction mixture waspartitioned between EtOAc and H₂O. The organic phase was washed with H₂O(2×) and concentrated in vacuo. The residual oil was dissolved in THF (1mL) and aqueous LiOH (0.3 mL of a 1 M solution) was added. The reactionwas stirred at RT for 3 h, then acidified to pH ˜3 with aqueous 1 M HCl.The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×); the combined organicextracts were concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bypreparative HPC (YMC S5 ODS 30×250 mm column; flow rate=25 mL/min; 20min continuous gradient from 70:30 B:A to 100% B, where solventA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to givetitle compound (15 mg; 27% yield over 2 steps) as a white solid.[M+H]⁺=486.4

EXAMPLE 497

[0654]

[0655] A mixture of 3-hydroxyacetophenone (650 mg; 4.78 mmol), K₂CO₃(660 mg; 4.78 mmol) and the 2-phenyl-5-methyl-4-oxazole-ethanol mesylate(1.12 g; 3.98 mmol)

[0656] in MeCN (40 mL) was refluxed overnight. Volatiles were removed invacuo, and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc (100 mL) and 1.0 Maqueous NaOH (80 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (100 mL),dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed(SiO₂; hexane:EtOAc 3:1) to give Part A compound (850 g; 67%) as ayellow solid.

[0657] To a solution of Part A compound (850 mg, 2.65 mmol) in DCE (15mL) were successively added glycine methyl ester hydrochloride (333 mg,2.65 mmol), Et₃N (554 μL, 4.0 mmol), NaBH(OAc)₃ (786 mg; 3.7 mmol) andacetic acid (152 μL; 2.65 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at RTfor 6 days, then partitioned between aqueous 1 M NaOH and CH₂C1₂. Theaqueous phase was washed with H₂O, then concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was partitioned between EtOAc and 1 M aqueous HCl. The organicphase was washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo togive recovered starting material (Part A compound). The pH of theaqueous HCl phase was adjusted to 10 with excess solid NaOH. Thisaqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (60 mL). The organic extract waswashed with brine (60 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo togive the crude Part B compound (400 mg; 39%) as an oil, which was usedin the next step without further purification.

[0658] To a solution of Part B compound (29 mg; 0.074 mmol) in pyridine(1.0 mL) were added 4-tolyl chloroformate (14 μL; 0.089 mmol) and DMAP(10 mg). The solution was heated at 61° C. for 2 h, then cooled to RTand concentrated in vacuo to give crude Part C compound (36 mg) as asyrup.

[0659] A solution of crude Part C compound (36 mg; 0.68 mmol) andLiOH.H₂O (12 mg; 0.28 mmol) in THF:MeOH:H₂O (1 mL of a 1:1:1 solution)was stirred at RT for 2 h. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and theresidue was acidified to pH 2 with aqueous 1 M HCl, then extracted withEtOAc (3×40 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by preparativeHPLC (YMC S5 ODS 50×250 mm column; flow rate=25 mL/min; continuous 20min gradient from 70:30 B:A to 100% B, where A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA andB=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to give title compound (28 mg; 72% over 2steps) as a white solid. [M+H]⁺=515.3

EXAMPLE 498

[0660]

[0661] A solution of (S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine (11.9 g, 79mmol), methyl bromoacetate (11.5 g; 75 mmol) and Et₃N (12.6 mL; 90 mmol)in THF (156 mL) was stirred at RT for 15 h. The reaction was partitionedbetween EtOAc and H₂O. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried(MgSO₄), and concentrated in vacuo to give crude Part A compound, whichwas used in the next step without further purification.

[0662] To a 0° C. solution of the crude Part A compound from above inCH₂Cl₂ (198 mL) was slowly added dropwise BBr₃ (12.0 mL; 127 mmol). Thereaction was stirred at 0° C. for 3 h, then poured cautiously into a 0°C. mixture of saturated aqueous NH₄Cl and EtOAc. The aqueous phase wasneutralized by slow addition of solid NaHCO₃, then extracted with EtOAc(2×). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried(MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to furnish Part B compound (7.29 g;44% over 2 steps).

[0663] To a solution of Part B compound (6.13 g; 29.3 mmol) indioxane:H₂O (98 mL of a 1:1 solution) were successively added NaHCO₃(3.2 g; 38 mmol) and 4-methoxy-phenyl chloroformate (3.92 mL; 26.4mmol). The reaction was stirred at RT for 2 h, then partitioned betweenEtOAc and H₂O. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄),and concentrated in vacuo to give crude Part C compound (10.0 g; 95%).

[0664] To a solution of Part C compound in MeCN (59 mL) weresuccessively added K₂CO₃ (2.43 g; 17.6 mmol) and the mesylate (4.93 g;17.6 mmol).

[0665] The reaction was heated at 90° C. for 20 h, then cooled to RT.The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and H₂O. The organic phase waswashed with brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residuewas chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 8:1 to 3:1 to 1:1hexane:EtOAc) to give Part D compound (3.4 g; 36%).

[0666] To a solution of Part D compound (3.4 g; 6.25 mmol) in THF:H₂O(31 mL of a 2:1 solution) was added LiOH. H₂O (0.525 g; 125 mmol). Thereaction was stirred at RT overnight for 14 h. EtOAc was added and thesolution was acidified with 1 N HCl solution to pH ˜2. The organic phasewas washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was purified by preparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 30×250 mm column;flow rate=25 mL/min; 22 min continuous gradient from 70:30 B:A to 100%B, where solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1MeOH:H₂O:TFA; retention time=17.8 min) to give the title compound (2.1g; 63% yield) as a white solid. [M+H]⁺=531.3; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆; 400 MHz):δ 1.50 (2d, J=6.6 Hz; 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.94 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.74(s, 3H), 3.81 (m; 2H), 4.21 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 5.36 (m, 1H), 6.93 (m,6H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.50 (m, 3H), 7.91 (m, 2H)

EXAMPLE 499

[0667]

[0668] The synthesis of title compound was done using the identicalsequence described for Example 498 compound except that(R)-4-methoxy-α-methyl benzylamine was used instead of the (S) isomer.[M+H]⁺=531.3;

[0669]¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆; 400 MHz): δ 1.50 (2d, J=7.0 Hz; 3H), 2.37 (s,3H), 2.94 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.84 (m; 2H), 4.21 (t, J=6.6Hz, 2H), 5.35 (m, 1H), 6.93 (m, 6H), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.50 (m, 3H), 7.91(m, 2H)

[0670] Alternative Synthesis of Examples 498 and 499

EXAMPLE 498A

[0671]

[0672] To a RT mixture of (S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethylamine (5.45 g, 36mmol) in THF (50 mL) and aqueous NaHCO₃ (6.05 g in 25 mL H₂O) was addeddropwise benzyl chloroformate (6.20 mL; 43 mmol). The reaction wasstirred at RT for 30 min; the organic phase was isolated andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and H₂O(100 mL each); the organic phase was washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄),and concentrated in vacuo to about 30 mL volume. An equivalent volume ofhexane (30 mL) was added and Part A compound (9.12 g; 89%) crystallizedas colorless needles.

[0673] To a −78° C. solution of Part A compound (2.50 g; 8.8 mmol) inanhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (11 mL) was added dropwise a solution of BBr₃ in CH₂Cl₂(11.4 mL of a 1.0 M solution; 11.4 mmol) over 25 min. The reaction wasallowed to warm to 0° C. and stirred at 0° C. for 6 h, then quenchedcarefully at −78° C. by dropwise addition of excess MeOH (6 mL). Thesolution was allowed to warm to 0° C. and stirred at 0° C. for 5 min.The solution was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (60 mL) and H₂O (50 mL). Theorganic phase was washed successively with brine and 5% aqueous NaHCO₃(50 mL each), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 4:1 to 1:1 hex:EtOAc) tofurnish Part B compound (1.30 g; 63% yield based on 650 mg (26%) ofrecovered unreacted Part A compound) as a white solid.

[0674] A mixture of Part B compound (1.10 g; 4.1 mmol), K₂CO₃ (680 mg;4.9 mmol) and the mesylate (1.25 g; 4.4 mmol)

[0675] in MeCN (30 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 18 h, then cooled to RT.Volatiles were removed in vacuo, and the residue was partitioned betweenEtOAc and H₂O (100 mL each). The organic phase was washed with brine(100 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 9:1 to 3:2 hexane:EtOAc)to give Part C compound (1.40 g; 78%) as a white solid.

[0676] A mixture of Part C compound (1.30 g; 2.85 mmol) and 10%palladium on carbon (200 mg) in MeOH (50 mL) was stirred under anatmosphere of H₂ (balloon) at RT for 2 h, at which point the reactionwas complete by HPLC. The catalyst was filtered off through Celite® andthe filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give Part D compound (600 mg;65%) as a white solid.

[0677] A solution of Part D compound (600 mg; 1.86 mmol), methylbromoacetate (230 μL; 2.42 mmol) and Et₃N (337 μL; 2.42 mmol) in THF (10mL) was stirred at RT for 20 h. The reaction mixture was partitionedbetween H₂O and EtOAc (60 mL) each. The organic phase was washed withbrine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from hex:EtOAc 4:1 to 1:1) tofurnish Part E compound (640 mg; 87%) as an oil.

[0678] A solution of Part E compound (600 mg; 1.52 mmol),4-methoxyphenyl chloroformate (271 μL; 1.82 mmol) and DMAP (30 mg; 0.25mmol) in pyridine (10 mL) was heated at 70° C. for 2 h. Since startingmaterial still remained at this point, additional 4-methoxyphenylchloroformate (271 μL; 1.82 mmol) was added and the reaction was heatedat 70° C. for an additional 1 h. Volatiles were removed in vacuo, andthe residue was partitioned between EtOAc (100 mL) and 1M aqueous HCl(60 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwisegradient from hex:EtOAc 9:1 to 4:1) to furnish Part F compound (880 mg)as an oil.

[0679] To a solution of Part F compound (880 mg; 1.62 mmol) in THF:H₂O(22 mL of a 2:1 solution) was added LiOH.H₂O (203 mg; 4.86 mmol). Thereaction was stirred at RT for 18 h; then EtOAc (100 mL) was added andthe solution acidified with 1 N HCl solution to pH 2. The organic phasewas washed with water and brine (100 mL each), dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (YMCODS 30×250 mm column; flow rate=25 mL/min; 22 min continuous gradientfrom 70:30 B:A to 100% B+5 min hold-time at 100% B, where solventA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA; retentiontime=17.8 min) and then lyophilized from dioxane to give the titlecompound (665 g; 78%) as a white solid.

EXAMPLE 499A

[0680]

[0681] The alternative synthesis of Example 499 was done using theidentical sequence described for Example 498A except that(R)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine was used instead of the (S) isomer.

Alternative Synthesis of Example 498 Part B Compound

[0682]

[0683] A mixture of tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (357 mg; 2.36mmol), (alternative) Example 498A Part B compound from above (535 mg;1.97 mmol) and imidazole (161 mg; 2.36 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was wasstirred at RT for 2 h. The reaction was partitioned between EtOAc (20mL) and water (50 mL). The organic phase was washed with water (2×50mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; hex:EtOAc 3:1) to give Part A compound (320 mg;42%) as an oil in addition to recovered starting phenol (150 mg; 20%).

[0684] A mixture of Part A compound (320 mg; 0.83 mmol) and 10%palladium on carbon (30 mg) in MeOH (30 mL) was stirred under anatmosphere of H₂ (balloon) at RT for 1 h, at which point the reactionwas complete by HPLC. The catalyst was filtered off through Celite® andthe filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give Part B compound (230 mg)as a white solid which was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

[0685] A solution of Part B compound (230 mg), methyl bromoacetate (86μL; 0.91 mmol) and Et₃N (127 μL; 0.91 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was stirredat RT for 15 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between H O andEtOAc (30 mL) each. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried(MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed(SiO₂; stepwise gradient from hex:EtOAc 9:1 to 1:1) to furnish Part Ccompound (177 mg; 66% over 2 steps) as an oil.

EXAMPLE 498 Part B Compound

[0686]

[0687] To a solution of Part C compound (177 mg; 0.55 mmol) in THF (5.5mL) was slowly added tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.65 mL of a 1 Msolution in THF). The reaction was stirred at RT for 10 min, thenpartitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic phase was washed withbrine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purifiedby preparative HPLC (YMC reverse phase ODS 20×100 mm column; flowrate=20 mL/min; 10 min continuous gradient from 100% A to 100% B+10 minhold-time at 100% B, where solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solventB=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA; retention time=2.6 min) to provide the titlecompound (97 mg; 84%).

EXAMPLE 500

[0688]

[0689] A mixture of 4-hydroxyphenyl butyl ketone (2.50 g; 14.0 mmol),2-phenyl 5-methyl oxazole-4-ethanol mesylate (3.30 g; 11.7 mmol) andK₂CO₃ (1.94 g; 14.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 mL) was refluxed under Arfor 18 h. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue waspartitioned between H O and EtOAc. The aqueous phase was extracted withEtOAc. The combined organic extracts were washed with aqueous 1M NaOHand H₂O, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 3:1 to 9:1 hex:EtOAc) togive Part A compound (3.42 g; 80%) as a white solid.

[0690] A mixture of Part A compound (3.42 g; 9.42 mmol), glycine methylester HCl salt (1.18 g; 9.42 mmol), Et₃N (1.97 mL; 14.1 mmol),NaBH(OAc)₃ (2.80 g; 13.2 mmol) and HOAc (0.54 mL; 9.42 mmol) in DCE (20mL) was stirred at RT for 6 days. At this point the reaction wasincomplete, but was not progressing any further. The reaction wasquenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (6 mL), then concentrated invacuo. The residue was partitioned between saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ andEtOAc. The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ andH₂O, then extracted with 1M aqueous HCl (the unreacted starting materialremained in the organic phase). The aqueous phase was basified withNaOH, then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with H₂Oand brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give Part Bcompound (365 mg; 9%) as an oil.

[0691] To a solution of Part C compound (50 mg; 0.11 mmol) in pyridine(1 mL) was added 4-methoxyphenyl chloroformate (40 μL) and DMAP (5 mg).The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 6 h, then was cooled to RTand volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved inTHF/MeOH/H₂O (1 mL of a 2:2:1 mixture) and LiOH (30 mg) was added. Thereaction was stirred at RT for 18 h, then was acidified with aqueous 1 MHCl to pH 2. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (30 mL), washed withH₂O and brine (15 mL each), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo togive the crude product. This material was purified by preparative HPLC(YMC S5 ODS 30×250 mm column; continuous gradient from 60:40 A:B to 100%B over 30 min) to give, after lyophilization from MeOH/H₂O, the titlecompound (52 mg; 79%) as a white solid. [M+H]⁺=573.3

EXAMPLE 501

[0692]

[0693] A mixture of glycine methyl ester hydrochloride (245 mg; 1.95mmol), Et₃N (271 μL; 1.95 mmol) and the aldehyde

[0694] (400 mg; 1.3 mmol) and anhydrous MgSO₄ (200 mg) in THF (4 mL) wasstirred at RT overnight, then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated invacuo to give crude Part A compound, which was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

[0695] A mixture of indium metal (448 mg; 3.9 mmol) and allyl bromide(334 μL; 3.9 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (2 mL) was stirred at 0° C. for 50min. A solution of the crude Part A compound (from above) in anhydrousDMF (2 mL) was added to this mixture, and the reaction was stirredvigorously at RT for 3 h. Analytical HPLC/MS showed that the reactionwas complete at this point. The reaction was partitioned betweensaturated aqueous NH₄Cl and EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with H₂O(an emulsion formed) and brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuoto give crude Part B compound (300 mg; 55% for 2 steps). This materialwas used in the next step without further purification.

[0696] To a 0° C. solution of Part B compound (150 mg; 0.36 mmol) andEt₃N (51 μL; 0.36 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (4 mL) was added dropwise4-methoxyphenyl chloroformate (53 μL; 0.36 mmol). The reaction wasallowed to warm to RT and stirred at RT for 1 h, then concentrated invacuo. The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; hexane:EtOAc 2:1) to givePart C compound (200 mg; 98%) as an oil.

[0697] A solution of Part C compound (100 mg, 0.18 mmol) and LiOH.H₂O(30 mg, 0.72 mmol) in THF:MeOH:H₂O (1 mL of a 1:1:1 solution) wasstirred at RT for 2 h. The reaction mixture was then acidified to pH ˜2with aqueous 1N HCl. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×).The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄), concentrated in vacuoand lyophilized from dioxane to provide title compound (80 mg; 82%) as awhite solid.

[0698] [M+H]=557.2

EXAMPLE 502

[0699]

[0700] A solution of Example 501 Part C compound (100 mg; 0.18 mmol) inMeOH (10 mL) in the presence of 10% Pd/C (50 mg) was stirred under an H₂atmosphere for 2 h at RT. The catalyst was then filtered off using a padof Celite®. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give Part Acompound (100 mg; 100%) as an oil.

[0701] Title compound (87 mg; 90%; white solid lyophilate) was obtainedfrom Part A compound in the same way as Example 501 compound wassynthesized from Example 501 Part C compound. [M+H]⁺=559.2

EXAMPLE 503

[0702]

[0703] To a solution of 5-methyl 2-phenyl-thiazol-4-yl-ethanol (50 mg;0.23 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) were successively added Et₃N (50 μL; 0.36mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (20 μL; 0.26 mmol). The reaction wasstirred at RT for 2 h, then was partitioned between CH₂CO₂ and aqueous 1M HCl. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), andconcentrated in vacuo to give Part A compound (68 mg; 100%) as acolorless oil. This material was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

[0704] A mixture of the phenol (prepared using the identical proceduresas described for the synthesis of Example 498 Part C compound exceptthat ethyl bromoacetate was used instead of methyl bromoacetate)

[0705] (18 mg; 0.048 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (30 mg; 0.22 mol) in MeCN (2 mL)was heated at 60° C. overnight, then cooled to RT and partitionedbetween EtOAc and excess aqueous 1 M HCl. The aqueous phase wasextracted with EtOAc (2×); the combined organic extracts were dried(Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bypreparative HPLC (as described for Example 498) to provide Part Bcompound (12 mg; 43%).

[0706] A solution of Part B compound (12 mg; 0.02 mmol) and LiOH.H₂O (10mg; 0.24 mmol) in THF (2 mL) and H₂O (1 mL) was stirred at RT for 4 h.The reaction mixture was acidified with excess aqueous 1 M HCl andextracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic extracts were dried(Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo; the residue was purified bypreparative HPLC (as described for Example 498) to give the titlecompound (3 mg; 26%) as a colorless oil. [M+H]⁺=547.2

EXAMPLE 504

[0707]

[0708] The title compound was prepared in exactly the same way as forExample 503 except that the [S]-enantiomer

[0709] was used for the alkylation step. [M+H]⁺=547.2

EXAMPLE 505

[0710]

[0711] To a solution of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-cyclopropane-carboxylicacid (250 mg; 1.3 mmol) in dioxane (8 ml) were successively added Et₃N(198 μL; 1.43 mmol) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (307 μL; 1.43 mmol).The reaction was stirred at RT for 5 min, then heated to 80° C. for 3 h.Volatiles were removed in vacuo, and the residue was partitioned betweenEtOAc and H₂O. The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated invacuo to give the crude product (presumably the correspondingisocyanate). This material was dissolved in aqueous 8 M HCl (1.8 mL),stired at RT for 5 min, then heated to 100° C. for 1 h. After cooling toRT, Et₂O was added, and the solution was cautiously basified with excesssolid NaOH. The aqueous phase was extracted with Et₂O (3×15 mL), dried(MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to provide compound A (100 mg; 47%) asan oil. This material was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

[0712] A solution of Part A Compound (100 mg; 0.61 mmol), methylbromoacetate (103 mg; 0.67 mmol) and Et₃N (102 μL; 0.73 mmol) in THF wasstirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned betweenEtOAc and H₂O. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄),and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂;CH₂Cl₂:MeOH 9:1) to give Part B compound (90 mg; 62%) as an oil.

[0713] To a 0° C. solution of Part B compound (90 mg; 0.38 mmol) inCH₂Cl₂ (12.7 mL) was slowly added neat BBr₃ (82 μL; 0.87 mmol) Thereaction was stirred at 0° C. for 3 h, then was partitioned between icecold saturated aqueous NH₄Cl and EtOAc. The organic phase was discardedand the aqueous layer was neutralized by addition of NaHCO₃₁ thenextracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic extracts were washedwith brine, dried (MgSO₄), and concentrated in vacuo to give Part Ccompound (50 mg; 59%).

[0714] A mixture of Part C compound (50 mg; 0.22 mmol), 4-methoxyphenylchloroformate (33 mg; 0.22 mol) and NaHCO₃ (25 mg; 0.29 mmol) in 1:1aqueous dioxane (7.5 mL) was stirred at RT for 2 h. The reaction mixturewas partitioned between EtOAc and H₂O. The organic phase was washed withbrine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give Part D compound(45 mg; 52%).

[0715] A mixture of Part D compound (45 mg; 0.12 mmol), K₂CO₃ (30 mg;0.22 mol) and the mesylate (33 mg; 0.12 mmol)

[0716] in MeCN (4 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 20 h. The reaction wascooled to RT and partitioned between EtOAc and H₂O. The aqueous phasewas extracted with EtOAc (2×); the combined organic extracts were dried(MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed(SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 9:1 to 1:1 hex:EtOAc) to provide Part Ecompound (42 mg; 65%).

[0717] A solution of Part E compound (42 mg; 0.08 mmol) and LiOH.H₂O (6mg; 0.15 mmol) in 2:1 THF:H₂O (3.8 mL) was stirred at RT overnight. Thereaction mixture was acidified to pH 2 with excess aqueous 1 M HCl andextracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic extracts were dried(Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo; the residue was purified bypreparative HPLC (as described for Example 498) to give the titlecompound (28 mg; 68%) as a colorless oil. [M+H]⁺=543.2 Followingprocedures as described above, the Examples 506 to 518 compounds wereprepared. Example No. R^(a) [M + H]⁺

506 (±) -Me 515.3 507 (±) n-Bu 557.4

508 (±) Me 531.3 509 (±) Et 545.1 510 (±) i-Bu 573.3 511

571.3

EXAMPLE 506

[0718]

[0719]¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆; 400 MHz): δ 1.47 and 1.54 (2d, J=7.5 Hz; 3H),2.29 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.93 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (2d, J=18 Hz;2H), 4.21 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 5.3 (m, 1H), 6.94 (m, 4H), 7.18 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.49 (m, 2H)

EXAMPLE 508

[0720]

[0721]¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆; 400 MHz) δ 1.47 and 1.54 (2d, J=7.5 Hz; 3H), 2.37(s, 3H), 2.94 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.81 (m, 2H), 4.21 (t,J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 5.36 (m, 1H), 6.94 (m, 4H), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.49 (m, 3H),7.91 (m, 2H)

Example No. Structure [M + H]⁺ 512

531.3

[0722] The synthesis of Examples 513-518 involved the use of Example 541Part B compound as the alkylating agent.

Example No. Structure [M + H]⁺ 513

517.2 514

517.2 515

501.2 516

501.2 517

517.2 518

517.2

EXAMPLE 519

[0723]

[0724] A mixture of methyl α-aminoisobutyrate hydrochloride (108 mg; 0.7mmol), Et₃N (146 μL; 111 mmol) NaBH(OAc), (222 mg; 11 mmol) and thealdehyde (215 mg; 07 mmol)

[0725] in DCE (5 mL) was stirred at RT for 21 h. Some starting materialremained, so the reaction was heated at 55° C. for 4 h (no furtherreaction). Saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ was added, and volatiles wereremoved in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between H₂O and EtOAc. Theaqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organicextracts were washed with brine and extracted with aqueous 1 M HCl. Theaqueous phase was basified with solid NaOH and extracted with EtOAc(2×). The organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuoto give crude Part A compound (174 mg; 61%).

[0726] A solution of Part A compound (120 mg; 0.29 mmol) aqueous LiOH(2.0 mL of a 0.3 M solution of a 1:1:1 mixture of THF:MeOH:H₂O) wasstirred at RT overnight. The reaction was acidified to pH ˜2 withaqueous 1 M HCl, then was concentrated in vacuo and purified bypreparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 30×250 mm column; flow rate=25 mL/min;continuous gradient from 40:60 B:A to 100% B over 30 min, where solventA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA; solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to furnishPart B compound (60 mg; 53%) as a syrup.

[0727] A solution of Part B compound (25 mg; 0.06 mmol), 4-methoxyphenylchloroformate (20 μL) in pyridine (1 mL) was heated at 60° C. for 6 h.Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue was partitioned betweenEtOAc (2 mL) and aqueous 1 M HCl (1 mL). The organic phase wasconcentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC(YMC S5 ODS 30×250 mm column; flow rate=25 mL/min; continuous gradientfrom 40:60 B:A to 100% B over 20 min, where solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA; solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to furnish title compound (4 mg;12%) as a white foam. [M+H]⁺=545.3 Following the procedures as set outhereinbefore, the following Examples 520 to 535 compounds were prepared.

EXAMPLES 520 TO 535

[0728] Example No. Structure [M + H]⁺

520

543.4 521

527.3 522

531.2 523

515.2 524

531.2 525

515.2 526

515.2

527

543.3 528

527.3 529

545.3 530

531.2 531

515.2 532

515.2 533

531.2 534

515.2 535

515.2

EXAMPLE 536

[0729]

[0730] To a 0° C. solution of (R)-(−)-lactate (3.0 g; 29 mmol) and Et₃N(4.8 mL; 35 mmol) in CH₂C1₂ (60 mL) was added methanesulfonyl chloride(2.67 mL; 35 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h, thenpartitioned between CH₂C1₂ and 1M aqueous HCl (100 mL each). The organicphase was washed with H₂O and brine, dried (MgSO₄), and concentrated invacuo without heating to give Part A compound as an oil (4.5 g; 86%),which was used in the next step without further purification.

[0731] A mixture of Part A compound (1.42 g; 6.0 mmol),(R)-4-methoxy-α-methyl benzylamine (300 mg, 2.0 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (828mg; 6.0 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL) was heated at 70° C. for 17 h (some aminestarting material still remained). The reaction cooled to RT, filtered,and the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was partitionedbetween EtOAc and H₂O. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried(MgSO₄), and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed(SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 99:1 to 97:3 CHCl₃:MeOH) to give Part Bcompound (330 mg; 70%) as an oil.

[0732] To a 0° C. solution of Part B compound (330 mg; 1.39 mmol) inCH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) was slowly added dropwise BBr₃ (3.0 mL of a 1 M solutionin CH₂c12; 30 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 10° C. for 3 h, thenquenched by cautious addition of saturated aqueous NH₄Cl and CH₂Cl₂. Theisolated aqueous phase was neutralized by slow addition of solid NaHCO₃.then extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic extracts werewashed with brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to furnishcrude Part C compound (150 mg; 48%), which was used in the next reactionwithout further purification.

[0733] To a solution of Part C compound (300 mg; 1.35 mmol) indioxane:H₂O (6 mL of a 1:1 solution) were successively added NaHCO₃ (500mg; 5.95 mmol) and 4-methoxyphenyl chloroformate (300 μL; 2.0 mmol)slowly. The reaction was stirred at RT for 1 h, then partitioned betweenEtOAc and H₂O. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄),and concentrated in vacuo to give a crude residue, which waschromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 3:1 to 1:1 hexane:EtOAc)to furnish Part D compound (330 mg; 66%).

[0734] To a solution of Part D compound (330 mg; 0.88 mmol) in MeCN (20mL) were successively added K₂CO₃ (165 mg; 1.2 mmol) and the mesylate(337 mg; 1.2 mmol).

[0735] The reaction mixture was heated at 95° C. for 16 h, then cooledto RT and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and thenpartitioned between EtOAc and H₂O. The organic phase was washed withbrine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; 3:1 hexane:EtOAc) to give Part E compound (350mg; 71%).

[0736] To a solution of Part E compound (350 mg; 0.62 mmol) in THF:H₂O(15 mL of a 2:1 solution) was added LiOH.H₂O (52 mg; 1.2 mmol). Thereaction was stirred at RT overnight for 14 h; then EtOAc was added andthe solution acidified with 1 N HCl solution to pH ˜2. The organic phasewas washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was purified by preparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 30×250 mm column;flow rate=25 mL/min; 20 min continuous gradient from 50:50 B:A to 100%B, where solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1MeOH:H₂O:TFA; retention time=26 min) and lyophilized from dioxane togive the title compound (208 mg; 61% yield) as a white solid.

[0737] [M+H]⁺=545.3

Alternative Synthesis of Example 536

[0738]

[0739] A mixture of the phenol [500 mg; 1.94 mmol; prepared from(R)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine as for the alternative synthesis ofExample 498],

[0740] K₂CO₃ (400 mg; 2.89 mmol) and the mesylate (710 mg; 2.52 mmol)

[0741] in MeCN (6.5 mL) was heated at 90° C. in an oil bath under anatmosphere of Ar for 20 h. The reaction was allowed to cool to RT,diluted with CH₂C1₂ (40 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was concentratedin vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; continuous gradientfrom 100% hex to 4:1 hexane:EtOAc over 20 min, then 4:1 hex:EtOAc to100% EtOAc over 20 min, then EtOAc for 5 min) to furnish Part A compound(414 mg; 47%) as a white solid.

[0742] A mixture of Part A compound (300 mg; 0.66 mmol) and 10%palladium on carbon (50 mg) in MeOH (20 mL) was stirred under anatmosphere of H₂ (balloon) at RT for 2 h, at which point the reactionwas complete by HPLC. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite®and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to provide Part B compound(208 mg; 79%) as an oil which eventually became a white solid uponstanding.

[0743] A mixture of Part B compound (160 mg; 0.50 mmol), K₂CO₃ (206 mg;1.49 mmol) and the mesylate (292 mg; 1.49 mmol; Example 536 Part Acompound)

[0744] in MeCN (5 mL) was heated at 70° C. for 24 h. At this point moremesylate (97 mg; 0.50 mmol) was added, and the reaction was heated at70° C. for a further 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT andfiltered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from hex:EtOAc 3:1 to 1:1) tofurnish Part C compound (98 mg; 47%) as an oil. This intermediate wasthen used for the preparation of Example 536 in an identical manner tothat previously shown.

EXAMPLES 537 TO 539

[0745] Followng the procedures set out hereinbefore, the Examples 537 to539 compounds were prepared. Example No. Structure [M + H]⁺ 537

545.3 538

545.3 539

545.3

EXAMPLE 540

[0746]

[0747] To a 0° C. solution of 5-methyl-2-phenyl-oxazol-4-yl ethanol (5.0g; 24.6 mmol), acetone cyanohydrin (3.35 mL; 36.9 mmol) and Ph₃P (7.5 g;29.5 mmol) in THF (60 mL) was added DEAD (6.0 mL; 36.9 mmol) dropwise.After addition was complete, the reaction mixture was warmed to RT andstirred overnight at RT. Volatiles were removed in vacuo, and theresidue was chromatographed (SiO₂; hexane:EtOAc 2:1) to give Part Acompound (4.5 g; 86%) as an oil.

[0748] A solution of Part A compound (4.5 g; 21.2 mmol) and H₂SO₄(concentrated; 20 mL) in EtOH (100 mL) was heated under refluxovernight. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to ⅓ its originalvolume, then EtOAc (150 mL) and H₂O (100 mL) were cautiously added. Theorganic phase was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (2×100 mL) andbrine (150 mL), dried (MgSO₄), and concentrated in vacuo to give a crudeoil. This material was chromatographed (SiO₂; hexane:EtOAc 2:1) to givePart B compound (2.1 g; 38%) as a crystalline solid.

[0749] To a −78° C. solution of Part B compound (2.1 g; 8.1 mmol) in THF(6 mL) was added dropwise LiAlH₄ (16 mL of a 1.0 M solution in THF; 16mmol) under an atmosphere of N₂. The mixture was allowed to warm to 0°C. and stirred at 0° C. for 30 min, after which the reaction wasdetermined to be complete by TLC (hex:EtOAc 1:1). Aqueous HCl (1.0 mL ofa 1 M solution; 1 mmol) and saturated aqueous sodium potassium tartrate(10 mL) were successively added and the mixture was stirred at RT for 30min. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with H₂O andbrine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give crude Part Ccompound (1.78 g; 97%) as a white solid, which was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

[0750] To a solution of Part C compound (670 mg; 3.09 mmol) and Et₃N(516 μL; 3.71 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (4 mL) was added methanesulfonyl chloride(286 μL; 3.71 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min,at which point the reaction was complete by TLC (hex:EtOAc 2:1). Themixture was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (60 mL) and H₂O (40 mL). Theorganic phase was washed with brine (40 mL), dried (MgSO₄), andconcentrated in vacuo to give Part D compound (910 mg; 100%) which wasused in the next step without further purification.

[0751] A mixture of Part D compound (380 mg; 1.29 mmol),4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (188 mg; 1.55 mmol) and KCO3 (214 mg; 1.55 mg) inMeCN (12 mL) was refluxed in an oil bath for 17 h. At this point allstarting Part D compound had been consumed (but there was a significantquantity of the hydrolysis by-product, Part C compound) by HPLC/MS. Thereaction was cooled to RT and the solid precipitates were filtered off.The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and partitioned between EtOAc (60mL) and H₂O (40 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (40 mL),dried (MgSO₄), and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product. Thismaterial was chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 4:1 to 1:2hex:EtOAc) to give Part E compound (150 mg; 36%) as an oil in additionto Part C compound (100 mg; 36%).

[0752] A mixture of Part E compound (150 mg; 0.50 mmol), glycine methylester hydrochloride (75 mg; 0.60 mmol) and Et₃N (84 μL; 0.60 mmol) inMeOH (5 mL) was stirred at RT for 6 h, after which NaBH₄ (50 mg) wasadded cautiously portionwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at RTovernight, after which volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue waspartitioned between EtOAc and H₂O. The organic phase was washed withbrine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give Part F compound(180 mg; 97%) as an oil.

[0753] A mixture of Part F compound (23 mg; 0.060 mmol), Et₃N (10 μL;0.66 mmol) and 4-tolyl chloroformate (10 μL; 0.066 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1mL) was stirred at RT for 2 h. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and theresidue was dissolved in a solution of THF/MeOH/H₂O (1 mL of a 2:2:1mixture); LiOH. H₂O (14 mg; 0.33 mmol) was added, and the reaction wasstirred at RT for 2 h. Volatiles were removed in vacuo, and the residuewas partitioned between aqueous 1 M HCl and EtOAc. The organic extractwas concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparativeHPLC (YMC ODS S5 30 mm×250 mm column, continuous 25 minute gradient from40% B:60% A to 100% B, hold at 100% B for 15 min, where solventA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA; flowrate=25 mL/min) to give the title compound as a white solid (13 mg; 45%over 2 steps). [M+H]⁺=515.3

EXAMPLE 541

[0754]

[0755] To a solution of benzaldehyde (23.8 g, 234 mmol) in EtOAc (150mL; pre-saturated with HCl gas) was added 2,3-butanedione mono-oxime(25.0 g, 234 mmol) in one portion and the resulting solution was stirredat RT for 12 h. Analytical HPLC indicated that all starting materialshad been consumed. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo toyield Part A compound as a white solid, which was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

[0756] To a solution of Part A compound in CHCL₃ (200 mL) was addeddropwise POCl₃ (30 mL, 320 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 12 h at50° C., then was concentrated in vacuo. The brown residue waspartitioned between EtOAc (300 mL) and 1N aqeuous NaOH. The organicphase was washed with brine, dried, (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo.The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; Et₂O) to give Part B compound(41.5 g; 86%) as a light brown solid (>95% pure by analytical HPLC and¹H-NMR analysis).

[0757] A solution of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (20 g, 160 mmol), glycinemethyl ester hydrochloride (22 g, 180 mmol) and Et₃N (25 mL, 180 mmol)in MeOH (200 mL) was stirred at RT for 12 h. The reaction mixture wascooled to 0° C. and NaBH₄ (9.0 g, 240 mmol) was added portionwise whilemaintaining the reaction temperature at <RT. The reaction mixture wasstirred for 5 h, then was concentrated in vacuo to give crude Part Ccompound, which was used in the next step without further purification.

[0758] To a solution of crude Part C compound in Et₂O (300 mL) and H₂O(200 mL) were added NaHCO₃ (20 g, 240 mmol, in a single portion) and4-tolyl chloroformate (15 mL, 150 mmol; dropwise). The biphasic reactionmixture was stirred for 12 h at RT. The aqueous phase was then extractedwith Et₂O (2×200 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed withbrine (2×50 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residuewas chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 3:1 to 1:1hexane:EtOAc) to give Part D compound (40.8 g; 76% over 2 steps) as anoil.

[0759] A solution of Part B compound (14.5 g, 70 mmol), Part C compound(21.6 g, 67 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (18.4 g, 134 mmol) in CH₃CN (150 mL) wasstirred at 80° C. for 12 h. The reaction was cooled to RT and volatileswere removed in vacuo. The brown oily residue was partitioned betweenEtOAc (250 mL) and brine (100 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted withEtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwisegradient from 3:1 to 1:1 hexane:EtOAc) to give Part D compound (23.6 g;71%) as a colorless oil.

[0760] A solution of Part D compound (23.6 g, 47.4 mmol) and LiOH.H₂O(4.0 g, 95 mmol) in THF (200 mL) and H₂O (120 mL) was stirred at RT for4 h. The reaction mixture was then acidified to pH ˜2 with aqueous 1NHCl. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×200 mL). The combinedorganic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yieldan oily residue, which was recrystallized from EtOAc to provide titlecompound (19.4 g; 84%) as a white solid. [M+H]⁺=487.23;

[0761]¹H NMR (CD₃OD; 400 MHz): δ 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.46 (s, 3H) 3.99 & 4.04(2s, 2H), 4.47 & 4.54 (2s, 2H), 5.01 and 5.00 (2s, 2H), 6.99 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 7.05 (m, 2H), 7.17 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (m, 2H); 7.49 (m,3H), 8.01 (m, 2H);

[0762]¹H NMR (CDCl₃; 400 MHz): δ 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H) 4.00 (s,2H), 4.55 (2s, 2H), 5.00 (2s, 2H); 6.99 (m, 4H); 7.13 (m, 2H), 7.21 (d,J=8.8 Hz, 2H); 7.31 (m, 2H) 7.44 (s, 3H); 8.01 (s, 2H)

EXAMPLE 542

[0763]

[0764] A mixture of 2-phenyl-5-methyl-oxazole-4-acetic acid(470 mg; 2.17mmol; Maybridge) pyridine N-oxide (830 mg; 8.74 mmol) and aceticanhydride (350 mg; 3.57 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was heated at 90° C.for 12 h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was then partitionedbetween EtOAc and 1M aqueous HCl. The organic phase was washed withsaturated aqueous NaHCO₃, brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated invacuo to give a dark brown oil. This material was chromatographed (SiO₂;4:1 hex:EtOAc) to give Part A compound (143 mg; 35%) as an oil.

[0765] To a 0° C. solution of Part A compound (600 mg; 3.21 mmol) andPh₃P (3.37 g; 12.9 mmol) in CH₂cl₂ (50 mL) was added dropwise a solutionof CBr₄ (2.13 g; 6.4 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL). The solution was stirredat 0° C. for 2 h, then allowed to warm to RT and stirred at RTovernight. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue waschromatographed (85:15 hexane:EtOAc) to furnish Part B compound (1.08 g;98%) as a pale yellow solid.

[0766] C.

[0767] To a −78° C. solution of Part B compound (1.12 g; 3.26 mmol) inTHF (60 mL) was added n-butyllithium dropwise (4.2 mL of a 1.6 Msolution in hexane; 6.72 mmol) over 25 min, while maintaining theinternal temperature at ≦-71° C. The reaction was stirred at −78° C. for1 h, then allowed to warm slowly to 0° C. Paraformaldehyde (305 g) wasthen added in one portion and the reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 3 hand then quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl. The aqueous phase wasextracted with EtOAc (2×); the combined organic extracts were washedwith brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give a dark oil.This material was chromatographed (SiO₂; 3:2 hex:EtOAc) to give Part Ccompound (466 mg; 67%) as a yellow solid.

[0768] To a 0° C. solution of Part C compound (466 mg; 2.19 mmol) andEt₃N in CH₂Cl₂ was added dropwise methanesulfonyl chloride (190 μL; 2.45mmol) and the reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The mixture wasthen partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ and cold 1M aqueous HCl. The organicphase was washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo.The crude product was chromatographed (SiO₂; 3:2 hex:EtOAc) to give PartD compound (533 mg; 84%) as an off-white solid.

[0769] A mixture of Part D compound (198 mg; 0.68 mmol),4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (96 mg; 0.79 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (141 mg; 1.02 mmol)in CH₃CN (13 mL) was heated at 70° C. for 3 h, then stirred at RTovernight. Volatiles were removed in vacuo, and the residue waspartitioned between EtOAc and 1 M aqueous NaOH. The organic phase waswashed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to givecrude Part E compound (190 mg; 88%) as a yellow oil, which was used inthe next step without further purification.

[0770] A mixture of Part E compound (123 mg; 0.39 mmol), glycine methylester hydrochloride (248 mg; 1.98 mmol) and Et₃N (600 μL; 4.3 mmol) inDCE (15 mL) was stirred at RT for 15 min, after which NaBH(OAc)₃H (262mg; 1.2 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction was stirred for 16h at RT, after which additional NaBH(OAc)₃H (200 mg; 0.94 mmol) wasadded. Stirring was continued for 3 h, after which still moreNaBH(OAc)₃H (200 mg; 0.94 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred atRT for 48 h, after which all Part E compound had been consumed. Thereaction mixture was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ and aqueous NaHCO₃. Theaqueous phase was extracted with CH₂C 1₂(2×). The combined organicextracts were washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated invacuo. The crude product was chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradientfrom 1:1 to 2:3 hex:EtOAc) to give Part F compound (120 mg; 79%) as acolorless oil which solidified on standing.

[0771] To a solution of Part F compound (180 mg; 0.46 mmol) and pyridine(100 μL; 1.24 mmol) in CH₂C1₂ (10 mL) was added 4-methoxyphenylchloroformate (105 μL; 0.71 mmol). The reaction was stirred at RT for3.5 h, then partitioned between aqueous NaHCO₃ and EtOAc. The aqueousphase was extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic extracts werewashed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crudeproduct was chromatographed (SiO₂; hex:EtOAc 3:2) to give Part Gcompound (232 mg; 93%) as a colorless oil.

[0772] To a solution of Part G compound (232 mg; 0.43 mmol) in THF:H₂O(12 mL of a 5:1 mixture) was added LiOH.H₂O (1.3 mmol). The solution wasstirred at RT overnight, then acidified with aqueous 1M HCl andextracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic extracts were washedwith brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude productwas purified by preparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 30×75 mm column, flowrate=20 mL/min; continuous gradient from 70:30 B:A to 100% B, wheresolvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) togive title compound (160 mg; 71%) as a white solid. [M+H]⁺=527.2

EXAMPLE 543

[0773]

[0774] A solution of 5-methyl-2-phenyloxazole-4-yl-acetic acid (4.0 g;18 mmol) and concentrated HCl (2 mL) in MeOH (60 mL) was heated atreflux overnight. Volatiles were removed in vacuo; the residue waspartitioned between H₂O and EtOAc. The organic phase was washed withbrine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give crude Part Acompound as a colorless oil (4.00 g; 94%) which was used in the nextstep without further purification.

[0775] To a −78° C. solution of LDA (15.0 mL of a 2.0 M solution inheptane/THF; 30 mmol; Aldrich) were successively added dropwise asolution of Part A compound (2.3 g; 10 mmol) in THF (6 mL) and HMPA (500μL; 2.9 mmol). The solution was stirred at −78° C. for 30 min, afterwhich methyl iodide (1.87 mL; 30 mmol) was added dropwise. The solutionwas stirred at −78° C. for 1 h, then was allowed to warm to 0° C. andstirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The reaction solution was partitioned betweensaturated aqueous NH₄Cl and EtOAc. The aqueous phase was extracted withEtOAc (2×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo to give crude Part B compound (1.90 g; 78%) as acolorless oil, which was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

[0776] To a −78° C. solution of LDA (7.0 mL of a 2.0 M in heptane/THF;14 mmol; Aldrich) were successively added dropwise a solution of Part Bcompound (1.8 g; 7.3 mmol) in THF (5 mL) and HMPA (500 μL; 2.9 mmol).The solution was stirred at −78° C. for 1 h, then a solution of methyliodide (1 mL; 11 mmol) was added dropwise. The solution was stirred at−78° C. for 1 h, then was allowed to warm to 0° C. and stirred at 0° C.for 1 h. The reaction solution was then partitioned between saturatedaqueous NH₄Cl and EtOAc. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc(2×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo. The crude product was combined with the productfrom another reaction (from 670 mg of Part B compound) andchromatographed (SiO₂; 9:1 hexane:EtOAc) to give Part C compound (2.60g; 95%) as a colorless oil.

[0777] To a −78° C. solution of Part C compound (1.2 g; 4.63 mmol) inTHF (3 mL) under an atmosphere of N₂ was added dropwise a solution ofLiAlH₄ (1.0 mL of a 1.0 M solution in THF). The reaction was stirred at−78° C. for 1 h, then was allowed to warm to 0° C. and stirred at 0° C.for 30 min. The reaction was quenched by cautious addition of 1M aqueouspotassium sodium tartrate followed by H₂O. The aqueous phase wasextracted with EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were washed withH₂O, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give crude Part Dcompound (1.01 g; 94%) as an oil, which was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

[0778] To an 80° C. solution of Part D compound (700 mg; 3.0 mmol), Ph₃P(1.2 g; 4.6 mmol) and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (406 mg; 3.3 mmol) in THF(10 mL) was added DEAD (720 μL; mmol) in two portions over 5 min. Thesolution was stirred at 80° C. for 1 h (starting material stillremained), then was concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 9:1 to 5:1 hexane:EtOAc)to give Part E compound (160 mg; 16%).

[0779] A solution of Part E compound (250 mg; 0.75 mmol), glycine methylester hydrochloride (141 mg; 1.13 mmol) and Et₃N (157 μL; 1.13 mmol) inMeOH (30 mL) was stirred at RT overnight. Excess solid NaBH₄ was addedcautiously; the reaction was stirred at RT for 1 h, then concentrated invacuo. The residue was partitioned between H O and EtOAc. The organicphase was washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo togive crude Part F compound (300 mg; 98%) which was used in the nextreaction without further purification.

[0780] To a 0° C. solution of Part F compound (150 mg; 0.37 mmol) andEt₃N (51 μL; 0.37 mmol) in CH₂C1₂ (5 mL) was added 4-methoxyphenylchloroformate (55 μL; 0.37 mmol). The reaction was allowed to warm to RTand stirred at RT for 2 h. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and theresidue was chromatographed (SiO₂; 5:1 hexane:EtOAc) to furnish Part Gcompound (130 mg; 63%).

[0781] A solution of Part G compound (130 mg) and LiOH.H₂O (39 mg) inH₂O/THF/MeOH (2 mL of a 1:2:2 mixture) was stirred at RT for 2 h.Volatiles were removed in vacuo, and the residue was acidified with 1.0M aqueous HCl, then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was dried(Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue, which was purifiedby preparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS reverse phase C18, 30×250 mm column;flow rate=25 mL/min; continuous gradient from 50% A:B to 100% B over 20min, where solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA, B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA),then lyophilized from dioxane to give the title compound (58 mg; 46%) asa white lyophilate. [M+H]⁺=545.4

EXAMPLE 544

[0782]

[0783] Title compound was prepared in analogous fashion to Example 543except that 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde was used instead of4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (in the preparation of Example 543 Part Ecompound). [M+H]⁺=545.4

EXAMPLE 545

[0784]

[0785] A mixture of the acetylene (38 mg; 0.065 mmol)

[0786] (synthesized in a completely analogous fashion to Example 542Part G compound with glycine tert-butyl ester hydrochloride instead ofglycine methyl ester hydrochloride), quinoline (80 mg; 0.62 mmol) andLindlar's catalyst (8 mg; Pd/CaCO₃; Aldrich) in MeOH (8 mL) was stirredunder an atmosphere of H₂ at 0° C. for 20 min. Additional Lindlar'scatalyst (8 mg; Pd/CaCO₃; Aldrich) was then added and stirring wascontinued under an atmosphere of H₂ at 0° C. for 25 min, after whichreaction was complete. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (YMCS5 ODS 20×100 mm column; flow rate=20 mL/min; continuous 20 min gradientfrom 80:20 B:A to 100% B, where A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and B=90:10:0.1MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to give Part A compound (22 mg; 56%) as a colorless oil.

[0787] To a solution of Part A compound (3 mg; 0.005 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂(0.5 mL) was added dropwise TFA (0.25 mL) and the reaction was stirredfor 2 h at RT. Volatiles were removed in vacuo; the residue wasdissolved in CDCl₃, filtered through a cotton plug and concentrated invacuo to give the title compound (1.5 mg; 55%) as a colorless oil.[M+Na]=551.0

[0788] Following procedures set out above, Examples 546 to 556 compoundswere prepared.

EXAMPLES 546 TO 556

[0789] Example No. Structure [M + H]⁺

546

515.4 547

531.3 548

503.3 549

529.4 550

531.2 551

515.2

552

531.3 553

487.3 554

503.3 555

527.2 556

511.4

EXAMPLE 555

[0790]

[0791] A mixture of the mesylate (124 mg; 0.43 mmol),

[0792] 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (62 mg; 0.51 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (94 mg; 0.68mmol) in CH₃CN (10 mL) were heated at 70° C. for 48 h. The reaction wascooled to RT, EtOAc was added, and the mixture was washed with aq 1MNaOH and brine. The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated invacuo. The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; hex:EtOAc 4:1) to givePart A compound (71 mg; 52%) as a colorless oil. [M+H]⁺=318.2

[0793] To a mixture of Part A compound (71 mg; 0.22 mmol), glycine.HCl(140 mg; 1.11 mmol) and Et₃N (0.3 mL; 2.16 mmol) in 1,2 dichloroethane(10 mL) was added NaBH(OAc)₃ (150 mg). After stirring at RT for 16 h(reaction incomplete), more NaBH(OAc)₃ (150 mg) was added. A finaladdition of NaBH(OAc)₃ (150 mg; in total 2.12 mmol) was made afteranother 3 h and the reaction stirred for 48 h at RT. The reaction wascomplete at this point; saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ was added and theaqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×). The combined organicextracts were washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated invacuo. The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; hex:EtOAc=4:6) to givePart B compound (81 mg; 93%) as a colorless oil.

[0794] To a solution of Part B compound (10 mg; 0.026 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2mL) were successively added pyridine (10 μL; 0.12 mmol) and4-methoxyphenyl chloroformate (10 μL; 0.067 mmol) (each in 0.1 mLCH₂Cl₂). The reaction was stirred at RT for 16 h, then partitionedbetween aqueous 1N HCl and EtOAc. The organic phase was washed withbrine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by preparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 30×75 mm column, flow rate=20mL/min; continuous gradient from 70:30 A:B to 100% B, where solventA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to givePart C compound (9 mg; 65%).

[0795] A solution of Part C compound (9 mg; 0.017 mmol) in 2:1 THF:H₂O(3 mL) was added LiOH (6 mg; 0.14 mmol). The solution was stirred at RTfor 4 h, then acidified with excess 1M HCl (aq). The solution wasextracted with EtOAc (2×5 mL). The combined organic extracts were washedwith brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated in vacuo. The crude productwas purified by preparative HPLC using the same conditions as above togive title compound (6 mg; 68%) as a colorless film.

[0796] [M+H]⁺=527.2

EXAMPLE 556

[0797]

[0798] Title compound was synthesized using the same sequence as Example555 compound from Example 555 Part B compound. Acylation with 4-methylchloroformate (67% after HPLC purification) followed by LiOH hydrolysisfurnished title compound (5 mg; 57% after HPLC purification).[M+H]⁺=511.4

EXAMPLE 557

[0799]

[0800] A solution of 2-amino-5-cresol (5.0 g; 40 mmol), KOH (3.2 g; 57mmol) was refluxed in EtOH (50 mL) and CS₂ (40 mL) for 8 h, after whichthe reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspartitioned between aq 1M HCl (100 mL) and EtOAc (200 mL). The organicphase was washed with water (2×100 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and concentratedin vacuo to give Part A compound (4.0 g; 60%) as a white powder.

[0801] A solution of Part A compound (3.2 g; 19 mmol) and PCl5 (3.75 g;19 mmol) in toluene (150 mL) was heated at reflux for 2 h. The reactionmixture was washed successively with water and aqueous NaHCO₃, thendried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give Part B compound (4.0 g)as a crude oil. This material was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

[0802] A solution of the 1,3 benzyl glycine aminoester (150 mg; 0.39mmol), Part B compound (100 mg; 0.59 mmol) and triethylamine (0.2 mL;1.98 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was heated at 100° C. in a sealed tube for 4days. At this point LC/MS showed that all starting material had beenconsumed. Aqueous LiOH (0.5 mL of a 1 M solution) was added and thesolution was stirred at RT for 5 h. The mixture was concentrated invacuo to give an oil, which was purified by preparative HPLC (as forExample 495) to give the title compound (72 mg; 37%) as a solid.

EXAMPLE 558

[0803]

[0804] A solution of the 1,4 benzyl glycine aminoester (50 mg; 0.13mmol), Example 557 Part B compound (100 mg; 0.59 mmol) and triethylamine(0.2 mL; 1.98 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was heated at 100° C. in a sealed tubefor 4 days. At this point LC/MS showed that all starting material hadbeen consumed. Aqueous LiOH (0.5 mL of a 1 M solution) was added and thesolution was stirred at RT for 5 h. The mixture was concentrated invacuo to give an oil, which was purified by preparative HPLC (as forExample 495) to give the title compound (26 mg; 40%) as a solid.

EXAMPLE 559

[0805]

[0806] To a solution of methyl propionylacetate (4.6 g, 35 mmol) inCHCl₃ (40 mL) was added dropwise a solution of Br₂ (5.6 g; 35 mmol) inCHCl₃ (10 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 0.5 h.The reaction was allowed to warm to RT and then air was bubbled into themixture for 1 h. Volatiles were then removed in vacuo to yield an oilyresidue, which was partitioned between EtOAc (100 mL) and saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄)and concentrated in vacuo to provide crude Part A compound (7.4 g, >95%yield; >90% purity) as an oil which was used in the next reactionwithout further purification.

[0807] A mixture of Part A compound (1.5 g, 7.2 mmol) and4-methoxybenzamide (1.0 g, 6.6 mmol) was heated at 100° C. for 2.5 h.The reaction mixture was chromatographed (SiO₂; 5% acetone/CH₂Cl₂) toyield Part B compound (0.57 g, 33%).

[0808] To a solution of the ester (0.57 g, 2.3 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasadded LiAH₄ (2.5 mL of a 1 M solution in THF, 2.5 mmol) dropwise over 10min and the reaction was stirred at RT for 0.5 h. The reaction wasquenched by adding a few drops of water and then partitioned betweenEtOAc (50 mL) and brine (10 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo to give Part C (0.52 g, >95%) as an oil which wasused in the following reaction without further purification.

[0809] A mixture of Part C compound (0.52 g, 2.3 mmol), CH₃SO₂Cl (0.25ml, 3.3 mmol) and Et₃N (0.5 ml, 3.6 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was stirredat RT for 12 h. Volatiles were removed in vacuo, and the residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; 4% acetone/CH₂Cl₂) to provide Part D compound(0.61 g, 85% for 2 steps) as a colorless oil.

[0810] To a mixture of crude Example 541 Part C compound (synthesizedusing 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [2.0 g; 16 mmol] and glycine methyl esterhydrochloride [2.3 g; 18 mmol]) in dioxane:H₂O (100 mL of a 1:1 mixture)were successively added NaHCO₃ (2.5 g; 30 mmol; in one portion) and4-methoxyphenyl chloroformate (2.0 mL; 14 mmol) dropwise. The reactionwas stirred at RT for 12 h and then extracted with EtOAc (4×150 mL). Thecombined organic extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo.The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; 3% acetone/CH₂Cl₂) to providePart E compound (2.4 g; 44%) as a colorless oil.

[0811] A mixture of Part E compound (86 mg, 0.25 mmol), Part D compound(60 mg, 0.20 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (50 mg, 3.7 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was heatedat 80° C. for 12 h. The reaction was cooled to RT and filtered.Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue was chromatographed(SiO₂; 7:3 hexane:EtOAc) to provide title compound (41 mg; 36%) as acolorless oil.

[0812] A solution of Part F compound (41 mg, 0.071 mmol) and LiOH.H₂O(34 mg; 0.8 mmol) in THF—H₂O (2 mL of a 2:1 mixture) was stirred at RTfor 2 h. The reaction mixture was acidified to pH ˜2 with 1 M aqueousHCl, then was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic extracts wereconcentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC(YMC S5 ODS 30×250 mm column; flow rate=25 mL/min; 30 min continuousgradient from 50% A:50% B to 100% B, where solventA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to providetitle compound (17 mg, 40%) as a colorless oil.

[0813] [M+H]⁺=547.23

EXAMPLE 560

[0814]

[0815] A mixture of the mesylate (18 mg; 0061 mmol)

[0816] the ester,

[0817] [described in the synthesis of Example 503 Part B compound (50mg; 0.13 mmol)], K₂CO₃ (17 mg; 0.34 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL) were heated at70° C. for 24 h. Additional K₂CO₃ (30 mg) and CH₃CN (1 mL) were addedand the mixture was heated at 75° C. for another 48 h. The reaction wascooled to RT, EtOAc was added, and the mixture was washed with aq 1MNaOH and brine. The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated invacuo to give the crude product. This was purified by preparative HPLC(YMC S5 ODS 50×75 mm column; continuous gradient from 70:30 B:A to 100%B, where A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to givePart A compound (13 mg; 35%) as a colorless oil.

[0818] To a solution of Part A compound (12 mg; 0.021 mmol) in 2:1THF:H₂O (1.5 mL) was added LiOH (8 mg; 0.19 mmol). The solution wasstirred at RT for 24 h, then acidified with excess 1M HCl (aq). Thesolution was extracted with EtOAc (2×5 mL). The combined organicextracts were washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated invacuo. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC using the sameconditions as above to give title compound (6.4 mg) as a colorless film.[M+H]⁺=541.3

EXAMPLE 561

[0819]

[0820] A mixture of the mesylate (18 mg; 0061 mmol)

[0821] the phenol (50 mg; 0.13 mmol)

[0822] K₂CO₃ (17 mg; 0.34 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL) were heated at 70° C.for 24 h. Additional K₂CO₃ (30 mg) and CH₃CN (1 mL) were added and themixture was heated at 75° C. for another 48 h. The reaction was cooledto RT, EtOAc was added, and the mixture was washed with aq 1M NaOH andbrine. The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo togive the crude product. This was purified by preparative HPLC (YMC 55ODS 50×75 mm column; continuous gradient from 70:30 B:A to 100% B, whereA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to give Part Acompound (13 mg; 35%) as a colorless oil.

[0823] To a solution of Part A compound (12 mg; 0.021 mmol) in 2:1THF:H₂O (1.5 mL) was added LiOH (8 mg; 0.19 mmol). The solution wasstirred at RT for 24 h, then acidified with excess 1M HCl (aq). Thesolution was extracted with EtOAc (2×5 mL). The combined organicextracts were washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated invacuo. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC using the sameconditions as above to give title compound. [M+H]⁺=541.3

EXAMPLE 562

[0824]

[0825] A solution of 4-iodobenzaldehyde (1.0 g; 4.31 mmol) and glycinemethyl ester hydrochloride (0.65 g; 5.17 mmol) and Et₃N (0.50 g; 4.95mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) was stirred at RT for 4 h. The mixture was cooledto 0° C. and a solution of NaBH₄ (230 mg; 6.0 mmol) in MeOH was addedportionwise. The mixture was allowed to warm to RT and stirred overnightat RT. Volatiles were removed in vacuo (without heating) and the residuewas partitioned between aq NaHCO₃ and EtOAc. The aqueous phase wasextracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic extracts were dried(Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give Part A compound as an oil.This material was used in the next step without further purification.

[0826] To a solution of the crude Part A compound and Et₃N (0.80 g; 8.00mmol) in CH₂C1₂ was added a solution of 4-methoxyphenyl chloroformate(0.93 g; 5.00 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂. The reaction mixture was stirred at RTovernight, then partitioned between saturated aq NaHCO₃ and EtOAc. Theaqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×); the combined organicextracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give aresidue, which was chromatographed (SiO₂; hex:EtOAc 3:1) to give Part Bcompound (1.2 g; 61%) as an oil.

[0827] To a 0° C. solution of DL-propargyl glycine (3.0 g; 26.5 mmol) inpyridine (20 mL; 247 mmol) was added dropwise benzoyl chloride (3.73 g;26.5 mmol). The solution was allowed to warm to RT and stirred at RT for1 h. Acetic anhydride (10 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at90° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (35 mL) andextracted with EtOAc (3×); the combined organic extracts were washedwith aqueous 1N HCl, H₂O, aqueous NaHCO₃, and finally water. The organicphase was dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude productwas chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 5:1 to 3:1 hex:EtOAc)to give Part C compound (1.0 g; 17%) as an orange solid.

[0828] A solution of Part C compound (1.0 g; 4.65 mmol), trifluoroaceticanhydride (3 mL) and TFA (3 mL) in a sealed tube was heated at 40° C.for 8 h. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolvedin EtOAc (50 mL). The solution was washed repeatedly with saturated aqNaHCO₃ (until all acid had been removed from the organic phase), thenbrine, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; 6:1 hex:EtOAc) to give Part D compound (800 mg;87%; >98% pure by HPLC) as an oil.

[0829] A mixture of Part D compound (100 mg; 0.507 mmol), Part Bcompound (254 mg; 0.558 mmol), CuI (2 mg; 0.01 mmol) and (Ph₃P)₂PdCl₂ (4mg; 0.005 mmol) in diethylamine (2 mL) was stirred at RT for 3 h underN₂. At this point HPLC/MS showed that all starting material had beenconsumed and the presence of a peak which corresponded to the desiredproduct. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwisegradient from 5:1 to 2:1 hex:EtOAc) to provide Part E compound (200 mg;75%) as an oil.

[0830] A solution of Part E compound (20 mg; 0.038 mol) in HOAc/conc HCl(1 mL of a 10:1 solution) was stirred at 45° C. overnight. Volatileswere removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC(YMC S5 ODS reverse phase column; 30×250 mm; flow rate=25 mL/min; 30 mincontinuous gradient from 50:50 A:B to 100% B, where solventA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to givethe title compound (6.8 mg; 35%) as a lyophilate. [M+H]⁺=511.2

EXAMPLE 563

[0831]

[0832] A solution of Example 562 Part E compound

[0833] (38 mg; 0.072 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was stirred under anatmosphere of H₂ in the presence of 10% Pd/C catalyst (10 mg) at RT for2 h. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated invacuo to give Part A compound (35 mg; 92%) as an oil.

[0834] A solution of Part A compound (35 mg; 0.066 mmol) in aqueous LiOH(1 mL of a 1M solution) and THF (5 mL) was stirred at RT for 2 h. Thereaction was acidified to pH 3 with excess aqueous 1M HCl and extractedwith EtOAc (2×5 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄)and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC(YMC S5 ODS reverse phase column; 30×250 mm; flow rate=25 mL/min; 30 mincontinuous gradient from 50:50 A:B to 100% B, where solventA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to give,after lyophilization from dioxane, the title compound (31 mg; 87%) as awhite solid. [M+H]⁺=515.9

EXAMPLE 564

[0835]

[0836] A solution of Example 562 Part E compound

[0837] (20 mg; 0.038 mmol) and aqueous LiOH (1 mL of a 1 M solution; 1mmol) in THF (2 mL) was stirred at RT for 2 h. The reaction mixture wasacidified with excess aqueous 1 M HCl and extracted with EtOAc. Thecombined organic extracts were concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by preparative HPLC ((YMC S5 ODS reverse phase column; 30×250mm; flow rate=25 mL/min; 30 min continuous gradient from 50:50 A:B to100% B, where solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to give (9 mg; 46%) as a white solid. [M+H]⁺=511.2

EXAMPLE 565

[0838]

[0839] A mixture of Example 562 Part E compound

[0840] (80 mg; 0.15 mmol), quinoline (2 μL; 0.01 mmol) and Lindlar'scatalyst (7 mg; 5% Pd/CaCO₃) in toluene (2 mL) was stirred under anatmosphere of H₂ for 2 h. More Lindlar's catalyst (20 mg) was then addedand stirring was continued under H₂ for another 2 h, after which thereaction was complete by analytical HPLC. The reaction mixture wasfiltered (Celite®) and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 3:1 to 2:1hexane:EtOAc) to give Part A compound.

[0841] A solution of Part A compound and aqueous LiOH (1 mL of a 1 Msolution; 1 mmol) in THF was stirred at RT overnight. The reactionmixture was acidified with excess aqueous 1 M HCl and extracted withEtOAc (2×). The combined organic extracts were concentrated in vacuo.The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (as for Example 495) togive the title compound (14 mg; 18%) as a white solid. [M+H]⁺=513.3

EXAMPLE 566 Racemic

[0842]

[0843] To a 0° C. solution of Example 565 Part A compound

[0844] (60 mg; 0.11 mmol) in DCE (3 mL) was added dropwise diethylzinc(43 μL; 0.29 mmol). The solution was stirred at 0° C. for 10 min andiodochloromethane (244 μL; 0.57 mmol) was then added. The reaction wasallowed to warm to RT and stirred at RT for 3 h, then was cautiouslyquenched by addition of aqueous HCl (1 mL of a 1 M solution). Theaqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×); the combined organicextracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 3:1 to 2:1 hexane:EtOAc)to give crude Part A compound, which was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

[0845] A solution of crude Part A compound and aqueous LiOH (1 mL of a 1M solution; 1 mmol) in THF was stirred at RT overnight. The reactionmixture was acidified with excess aqueous 1 M HCl and extracted withEtOAc. The combined organic extracts were concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was purified by preparative HPLC (conditions) to give the titlecompound (7 mg; 12% over 2 steps) as a white solid. [M+H]⁺=527.2.

EXAMPLE 567

[0846]

[0847] A mixture of Example 562 Part D compound

[0848] (300 mg; 1.52 mmol), N-bromo-succinimide (297 mg; 1.67 mmol) andAgNO₃ (28 mg; 0.19 mmol) in acetone (2 mL) was stirred at RT for 30 min.The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was chromatographed (SiO₂; hexane:EtOAc 5:1) to give Part Acompound (320 mg; 76%) as yellow crystals.

[0849] To a solution of Part A compound (320 mg; 1.2 mmol), Ph₃P (13 mg;0.05 mmol) and Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (5 mg; 0.006mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added Bu₃SnH (700 μL; 2.5 mmol) dropwise underan atmosphere of N₂. The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h, then wasquenched by addition of aqueous KF (7 mL of a 1 M solution). The mixturewas stirred vigorously overnight, then extracted with EtOAc (2×). Thecombined organic extracts were washed with H₂O, dried (Na₂SO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo. The residual oil was chromatographed (SiO₂;hexane:EtOAc 3:1) to give Part B compound (200 mg; 35%) as an oil. Inaddition, the byproduct vinyl compound

[0850] (100 mg; 43%) was also obtained.

[0851] A solution of Part B compound (100 mg; 0.020 mmol) and Example562 Part B compound

[0852] (100 mg; 0.22 mmol) and (Ph₃P)₄Pd^(o) (3 mg; 0.002 mmol) intoluene was heated at 100° C. overnight under an atmosphere of N₂.Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue was chromatographed(SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 3:1 to 2:1 hexane:EtOAc) to give Part Ccompound.

[0853] A solution of crude Part C compound (in aqueous LiOH (1 mL of a1M solution) and THF (5 mL) was stirred at RT overnight. The reactionwas acidified to pH 3 with excess aqueous 1 M HCl and extracted withEtOAc (2×5 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (YMCS5 ODS reverse phase column; 30×250 mm; flow rate=25 mL/min; 30 mincontinuous gradient from 50:50 A:B to 100% B, where solventA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to give,after lyophilization from dioxane, title compound (23 mg; 20%) as awhite solid. [M+H]⁺=513.3

EXAMPLES 568 TO 572

[0854] Following the procedures set out hereinbefore and in the workingExamples, the following compounds were prepared. Example No. Structure[M + H]⁺ 568

511.2 569

515.9 570

511.2 571

513.2 572

513.3

EXAMPLE 573

[0855]

[0856] To a mixture of the amino-ester (27 mg; 0.073 mmol)

[0857] 5-methyl-2-phenyl-thiazol-4-yl-ethanol (25 mg; 0.11 mmol;Maybridge) resin-bound Ph₃P (27 mg; 0.081 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (0.5 mL) wasadded DEAD (20 μL; 0.13 mmol). The reaction was stirred at RT for 6 h,then was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and theresidue was purified by preparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 30×100 mm column;flow rate=50 mL/min; continuous gradient from 30:70 B:A to 100% B, wheresolvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) tofurnish Part A compound.

[0858] A solution of Part A compound in TFA (1 mL) was stirred at RTovernight, then was concentrated in vacuo to furnish title compound (11mg; 26%) as a brown oil (94% purity by analytical HPLC). [M+H]⁺=517.2

EXAMPLE 574

[0859]

[0860] To a mixture of the amino-ester (31 mg; 0.082 mmol)

[0861] 5-methyl-2-phenyl-thiazol-4-yl-ethanol (25 mg; 0.11 mmol;Maybridge) resin-bound Ph₃P (32 mg; 0.096 mmol) in CH₂cl₂ (0.5 mL) wasadded DEAD. (20 μL; 0.13 mmol). The reaction was stirred at RT for 6 h,then was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give crudePart A compound.

[0862] A solution of crude Part A compound and LiOH. H₂O (20 mg; 0.48mmol) in THF:MeOH:H₂O (1 mL of a 3:1:1 mixture) was stirred at RTovernight. The reaction was acidified to pH ˜4 with aqueous 1N HCl, thenwas extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic extracts wereconcentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC(YMC S5 ODS 30×100 mm column; flow rate=50 mL/min; 10 min continuousgradient from 30:70 B:A to 100% B, where solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFAand solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to furnish title compound (16 mg;34%) as a brown oil (95% purity by analytical HPLC). [M+H]⁺=565.2

EXAMPLE 575

[0863]

[0864] To a solution of 2,4-dibromo-3-pentanone (Avocado Chemicals, 19.6g, 80 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) was added dropwise Et₃N (30 mL, 210 mmol)over 30 min; the resulting solution was heated to reflux for 12 h. Thereaction mixture was cooled to RT, then was poured into ice andacidified with concentrated HCl. The organic phase was concentrated invacuo to give an oil, which was fractionally distilled (b.p.=42′-45° C.at 13 mm Hg) to give Part A compound (6.0 g, 46%; with ˜20% of thestarting material) as an oil.

[0865] A mixture of Example 559 Part E compound (0.60 g, 1.7 mmol),

[0866] Part A compound (0.60 g, 3.7 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (1.0 g, 7.3 mmol) inbenzene (20 mL) was stirred at RT for 12 h. TLC at this point indicatedthat ˜50% of the starting material had been consumed and that thereaction had stalled. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtratewas concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; 3%acetone/CH₂Cl₂) to provide Part B compound (0.41 g; 47%) as an oil.

[0867] A solution of Part B compound (40 mg, 0.080 mmol) andthioisonicotinamide (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) in toluene-EtOH (3 mL of a 1:1mixture) was heated at 55° C. for 12 h. The reaction was cooled to RTand volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crude product was purified bypreparative HPLC (YMC S5 ODS 30×250 mm, continuous 30 min gradient from30% B:70% A to 100% B at 30 min, where solvent A=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFAand solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA) to give Part C compound (17; 39%)as an oil.

[0868] A solution of Part C compound (17 mg, 0.031 mmol) and LiOH.H₂O(40 mg, 1 mmol) in THF—H₂O (3 mL of a 2:1 mixture) was stirred at RT for2 h. The reaction mixture was acidified by addition of acetic acid andthen partitioned between H₂O (2 mL) and EtOAc (5 mL). The organic phasewas dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to provide the titlecompound (13.7 mg, 81%) as a white solid. [M+H]⁺=534.2

EXAMPLES 576 TO 580

[0869] Following the procedures set out hereinbefore and in the workingExamples, the following compounds were prepared. Example No. Structure[M + H]⁺ 576

551.2; 553.2 577

547.2 578

531.2 579

535.2; 537.2 580

551.2; 553.2

[0870] Examples 581 and 582 were synthesized according to the generalprocedures described for Examples 313 and 314. Example Structure [M +H]⁺ 581

499.2 582

499.1

[0871] Examples 583 and 584 were synthesized according to the generalmethods described hereinbefore (e.g. for Example 139) using 4-methoxythiophenol. Ex- am- [M + ple Structure H]⁺ 583

533.3 584

533.3

EXAMPLE 584

[0872]

[0873]¹H NMR (CDCl₃; 400 MHz): δ 2.42 (s, 3H), 3.04 (br s; 2H), 3.79 (s,3H), 4.03 (br s, 2H), 4.25 (br s, 2H), 4.70 (br s, 2H), 6.8-7.0 (m, 5H),7.15-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.50 (m, 5H), 7.95-8.05 (m, 2H); 8.95 (br s, 1H)

EXAMPLE 585

[0874]

[0875] To a −78° C. solution of methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (4.2g; 11.8 mmol) in THF (60 mL) was added dropwise n-butyllithium (4.7 mLof a 2.5 M solution in hexane; 11.8 mmol). The solution was allowed towarm to RT and stirred at RT for 45 min. To this mixture was addeddropwise a solution of the aldehyde (3.0 g; 9.8 mmol)

[0876] in THF (15 mL). The reaction was stirred at RT for 30 min and at50° C. for 13 h. After cooling to RT, the reaction mixture waspartitioned between EtOAc and saturated aqueous NH₄Cl. The organic phasewas washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was chromatographed (SiO₂; Hexane:EtOAc; stepwise gradient from9:1 to 4:1) to provide Part A compound (2.0 g; 67%).

[0877] To a solution of benzyl carbamate (3.07 g; 20.3 mmol) inn-propanol (26 mL) was added a freshly prepared solution of aqueous NaOH(800 mg in 48 mL H₂O) and tert-butyl hypochlorite (2.17 g; 20.0 mmol).After stirring at RT for 5 min, a solution of hydroquinidine1,4-phthalazinediyl diether [(DHQD)₂PHAL; Aldrich; 256 mg; 0.33 mmol] inn-propanol (23 mL) was added, after which the mixture becamehomogeneous. A solution of Part A compound (2.0 g; 6.56 mmol) inn-propanol (32 mL) was added, followed by a solution of potassium osmatedihydrate [K₂OsO₄(OH₂)₂; 97 mg; 0.26 mmol] in aqueous NaOH (5 mL of a0.4 M solution). The light green reaction solution was stirred at RT for30 min, after which it became yellow, and was cooled to 0° C. Thereaction was quenched by addition of saturated aqueous sodium sulfite(60 mL) and stirring for 15 min. The aqueous phase was extracted withEtOAc (2×100 mL); the combined organic extracts were washed with waterand brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; Hex:EtOAc; stepwise gradient from 9:1 to 1:1) tofurnish Part B compound (1.80 g; 58%) and the byproduct Part C compound(0.93 g; 30%).

[0878] To a 0° C. solution of Part B compound (1.10 g; 2.33 mmol) inCH₂C1₂ (12 mL) were successively added methanesulfonyl chloride (220 μL;2.80 mmol) and Et₃N (420 μL; 3.03 mmol) dropwise. The reaction wasstirred at 0° C. for 2 h, then was partitioned between CH₂C1₂ andaqueous 1N HCl. The organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried(MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to provide Part D compound (1.10 g;86%) as a solid.

[0879] A mixture of Part D compound (1.10 g; 2.0 mmol) and LiBr (260 mg;3.0 mmol) in acetone (4 mL) was heated at 50° C. for 14 h. The reactionwas then cooled to RT and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 9:1 to 4:1 hex:EtOAc) togive Part E compound (481 mg; 45%) as an oil.

[0880] To a −78° C. slurry of CuCN (17 mg; 0.19 mmol) in freshlydistilled anhydrous THF (0.54 mL) was added dropwise n-butyllithium (150μL of a 2.5 M solution in hexanes). The mixture was allowed to warmslowly to 0° C. to generate the higher-order cuprate reagent as a cleartan solution. The reaction was then cooled to −50° C. and a solution ofPart E compound (50 mg; 0.094 mmol) in THF (0.4 mL) was added dropwise.The reaction was stirred at −5° C. for 1 h and then allowed to warmslowly to 0° C. over 2 h. The mixture was then quenched at 0° C. byaddition of 9:1 saturated aqueous NH₄Cl:concentrated NH₄OH (2 mL), andthen allowed to warm to RT with vigorous stirring until completedissolution had occurred. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc(2×), and the combined organic extracts were washed with saturatedaqueous NH₄Cl and brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from 9:1 to 2:1hex:EtOAc) to provide Part F compound (26 mg; 54%) as a solid.

[0881] A mixture of Part F compound (26 mg; 0.051 mmol) and 10%palladium on carbon (10 mg) in 2:1 MeOH:EtOAc (1.2 mL) was stirred underan atmosphere of H₂ (balloon) at RT for 2 h, at which point the reactionwas complete by HPLC. The catalyst was filtered off through Celite® andthe filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give Part G compound (18 mg;93%) as an oil.

[0882] A solution of Part G compound (18 mg; 0.048 mmol), methylbromoacetate (9 μL; 0.095 mmol) and Et₃N (15 μL; 0.10 mmol) in THF (500μL) was stirred at RT for 15 h. The reaction mixture was partitionedbetween H₂O and EtOAc (60 mL) each. The organic phase was washed withbrine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to furnish crude Part Hcompound, which was used in the next step without further purification.

[0883] A solution of crude Part H compound, 4-methoxyphenylchloroformate (21 μL; 0.143 mmol) and 4-dimethyl-aminopyridine (4 mg;0.033 mmol) in pyridine (10 mL) was heated at 70° C. for 2 h. Thereaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and 1M aqueous HCl. Theorganic phase was washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (YMC reverse phaseODS 20×100 mm column; 10 min continuous gradient from 50% A:50% B to100% B+10 min hold-time at 100% B, where SolventA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA, and Solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA; flowrate=20 mL/min; retention time=14.6 min) to furnish Part I compound (16mg; 56% over 2 steps) as an oil.

[0884] To a solution of Part I compound (9.0 mg; 0.015 mmol) in THF:H₂O(750 μL of a 2:1 solution) was added LiOH.H₂O (2.5 mg; 0.06 mmol). Thereaction was stirred at RT for 15 h; then EtOAc (2 mL) was added and thesolution acidified with 1 N HCl solution to pH ˜2. The organic phase waswashed with water and brine, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo.The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (YMC reverse phase ODS20×100 mm column; flow rate=20 mL/min; 10 min continuous gradient from50:50 B:A to 100% B+10 min hold-time at 100% B, where solventA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA and solvent B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA; retentiontime=13.2 min) to provide the title compound (6.0 mg; 68%) as a whitesolid.

[0885] [M+H]⁺=587.3

EXAMPLE 586

[0886]

[0887] The synthesis of Example 586 was performed using the identicalsequence as described for Example 585 except that the catalyst used inthe aminohydroxylation procedure (step 2) for the preparation of the keyintermediate

[0888] was hydroquinine 1,4-phthlazinediyl diether [(DHQ)₂PHAL; Aldrich]instead of hydroquinidine 1,4-phthlazinediyl diether [(DHQD)₂PHAL;Aldrich].

EXAMPLE 587

[0889]

[0890] To a 0° C. solution of ethyl propionylacetate (10.0 g, 69.4 mmol)in CHCL₃ (60 mL) was added dropwise a solution of Br₂ (3.6 mL; 69.4mmol) in CHCl₃(20 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for0.5 h. The reaction was allowed to warm to RT and stirred at RT for 0.5h. Air was then bubbled into the mixture for 1 h. Volatiles were thenremoved in vacuo to yield an oily residue to provide crude Part Acompound (15.3 g, >95% yield) as an oil which was used in the nextreaction without further purification.

[0891] To a mixture of piperonylic acid (2.0 g; 12 mmol), HOBT.H₂O (2.44g; 18.1 mmol) and NH₄Cl (1.28 g; 23.7 mmol) in DMF (48 mL) weresuccessively added EDCI.HCl (3.45 g; 18.1 mmol) and iPr₂NEt (2.3 mL; 48mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT overnight until thestarting acid had been completely consumed(by HPLC). The mixture waspartitioned between H₂O (80 mL) and EtOAc (250 mL). The aqueous phasewas extracted with EtOAc (250 mL). The combined organic extracts werewashed with aqueous 1 N HCl (40 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated invacuo. The crude product was chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradientfrom hex:EtOAc 1:1 to 100% EtOAc) to give Part B compound (1.5 g; 76%)as a white solid.

[0892] A mixture of Part A compound (2.11 g, 9.5 mmol) and Part Bcompound (1.41 g, 8.54 mmol) was heated with a heat gun until themixture became homogeneous, after which the solution was heated at 130°C. in an oil bath for 5 h. The reaction mixture was chromatographed(SiO₂; continuous gradient from hex to 4:1 Hex:EtOac over 20 min, thencontinuous gradient from 4:1 Hex:EtOAc to 100% EtOAc over 15 min) toyield Part C compound (0.95 g, 39%) as a yellow solid.

[0893] To a −78° C. solution of Part C compound (0.95 g, 3.3 mmol) inanhydrous THF (20 mL) was added LiAH₄(3.55 mL of a 1 M solution in THF,3.55 mmol) dropwise over 10 min and the reaction was stirred at −78° C.for 0.5 h, then at 0° C. for 5 min. The reaction was quenched bysequential cautious addition of water (0.13 mL), aqueous NaOH (20 mg in0.13 mL H₂O) and water (0.20 mL). Anhydrous MgSO₄ (400 mg) was thenadded to the mixture, which was stirred at RT for 10 min, then filtered.The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue waschromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient from hex:EtOAc 1:1 to 100%EtOAc) to give Part D compound (350 mg; 43%) as an oil.

[0894] A mixture of Part D compound (0.35 g, 1.41 mmol), CH₃SO₂C1 (0.131ml, 1.69 mmol) and Et₃N (355 μL, 2.55 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂C1₂ (6 mL)was stirred at RT for 4 h, then partitioned between EtOAc (150 mL) andH₂O (10 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated invacuo. The residue was chromatographed (SiO₂; stepwise gradient fromhex:EtOAc 1:1 to 100% EtOAc) to provide Part E compound (0.395 g, 86%)as a white solid.

[0895] A mixture of Part E compound (25 mg; 0.076 mmol),

EXAMPLE 559 Part E compound (25 mg, 0.073 mmol),

[0896]

[0897] and K₂CO₃ (15 mg, 0.109 mmol) in acetonitrile (1 mL) was shakenand heated at 80° C. for 22 h. The reaction was cooled to RT andfiltered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue waspurified by preparative HPLC (YMC reverse-phase ODS 20×100 mm column;continuous gradient over 10 min from 70:30 A:B to 100% B, whereA=90:10:0.1H₂O:MeOH:TFA, and B=90:10:0.1 MeOH:H₂O:TFA, with 7 min holdtime at 100% B; flow rate=20 mL/min) to provide Part F compound (21 mg;51%) as a colorless oil.

[0898] A solution of Part F compound (21 mg, 0.037 mmol) and LiOH.H₂O(4.0 mg; 0.095 mmol) in THF—H₂O (2.0 mL of a 1:1 mixture) was shaken atRT for 4 h. The reaction mixture was acidified to pH 5 with 1 M aqueousHCl, then was extracted with EtOAc (3 mL) by shaking for 10 min. Theorganic phase was washed with H₂O (2 mL) and concentrated in vacuo toprovide Example 586 (16.3 mg, 75%) as a solid foam.

[0899] [M+H]⁺=561.2

[0900] Examples 588 to 596 were prepared according to the schemedescribed above.

EXAMPLES 588 TO 591

[0901]

Example No. Ar [M + H]⁺ 588

551.1 589

547.2 590

585.3 591

585.2

EXAMPLES 592 TO 596

[0902]

Example No. Ar [M + H]⁺ 592

551.1 593

547.2 594

561.2 595

585.3 596

585.2

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound which has the structure

wherein x is 1,2, 3 or 4; m is 1 or 2; n is 1 or 2; Q is C or N; A is Oor S; Z is O or a bond; R¹ is H or lower alkyl; X is CH or N; R² is H,alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, amino or substituted amino; R^(2a), R^(2b) andR^(2c) are the same or different and are selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy,halogen, amino or substituted amino; R³ is H, alkyl, arylalkyl,aryloxycarbonyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, alkynyloxycarbonyl,alkenyloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, heteroaryl,alkyl(halo)aryloxycarbonyl, alkyloxy(halo)aryloxycarbonylcycloalkylaryloxycarbonyl, cycloalkyloxyaryloxycarbonyl,cycloheteroalkyl, heteroarylcarbonyl, heteroaryl-heteroarylalkyl,alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, heteroarylcarbonylamino,alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino, heteroaryloxycarbonylamino,heteroaryl-heteroarylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkenylsulfonyl,heteroaryloxycarbonyl, cycloheteroalkyloxycarbonyl, heteroarylalkyl,aminocarbonyl, substituted aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl,arylaminocarbonyl, heteroarylalkenyl, cycloheteroalkylheteroarylalkyl,hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyaryloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl,alkylaryloxycarbonyl, arylheteroarylalkyl, arylalkylarylalkyl,aryloxyarylalkyl, alkynyloxycarbonyl, haloalkoxyaryloxycarbonyl,alkoxycarbonylaryloxycarbonyl, aryloxyaryloxycarbonyl,arylsulfinylarylcarbonyl, arylthioarylcarbonyl,alkoxycarbonylaryloxycarbonyl, arylalkenyloxycarbonyl,heteroaryloxyarylalkyl, aryloxyarylcarbonyl,aryloxyarylalkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkenyloxycarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl,aryloxyalkyloxycarbonyl arylalkylsulfonyl, arylthiocarbonyl,arylalkenylsulfonyl, hateroarylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, alkoxyarylalkyl,heteroarylalkoxycarbonyl, arylheteroarylalkyl, alkoxyarylcarbonyl,aryloxyheteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkyloxyarylalkyl, arylarylalkyl,arylalkenylarylalkyl, arylalkoxyarylalkyl, arylcarbonylarylalkyl,alkylaryloxyarylalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonylheteroarylalkyl,heteroarylarylalkyl, arylcarbonylheteroarylalkyl,heteroaryloxyarylalkyl, arylalkenylheteroarylalkyl, arylaminoarylalkylor aminocarbonylarylarylalkyl; Y is CO₂R⁴ (where R⁴ is H or alkyl, or aprodrug ester) or Y is a C-linked 1-tetrazole, a phosphinic acid of thestructure P(O) (OR^(4a))R⁵, (where R^(4a) is H or a prodrug ester, R⁵ isalkyl or aryl) or a phosphonic acid of the structure P(O) (OR^(4a))₂,(where R^(4a) is H or a prodrug ester); including all stereoisomersthereof, prodrug esters thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof, with the proviso that where X is CH, A is 0, Q is C, Z is 0 andY is CO₂R⁴, then R³ is other than H or alkyl containing 1 to 5 carbonsin the normal chain.
 2. A compound having the structure


3. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


4. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


5. The compound as defined in claim 1 wherein (CH₂)_(x) is alkylene,alkenylene, allenyl, or alkynylene.
 6. The compound as defined in claim4 wherein X is CH.
 7. The compound as defined in claim 4 wherein X is N.8. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure

wherein R¹ is alkyl, R^(3b) is arylalkylamino, arylarylamino, arylamino,alkoxyarylamino, dialkoxyarylamino, dihaloarylamino oralkylthioarylamino.
 9. The compound as defined in claim 1 having thestructure


10. The compound as defined in claim 1 wherein R^(2a) is alkoxy or H,(CH₂)_(x) is CH₂, (CH₂)₂, (CH₂)₃, or

(CH₂)_(m) is CH₂, or

(where R_(a) is alkyl or alkenyl), (CH₂)_(n) is CH₂, R¹ is lower alkyl,preferably —CH₃, R² is H, R^(2a) is H, R⁴ is H, X is CH, and R³ isarylalkyloxycarbonyl, arylheteroarylalkyl, aryloxyarylalkyl, arylalkyl,aryloxycarbonyl, haloaryl-oxycarbonyl, alkoxyaryloxycarbonyl,alkylaryloxycarbonyl, aryloxyaryloxycarbonyl, heteroaryloxyarylalkyl,heteroaryloxycarbonyl, aryloxyarylcarbonyl, arylalkenyloxycarbonyl,cycloalkylaryloxycarbonyl, arylalkylarylcarbonyl,heteroaryl-heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyloxyaryloxycarbonyl,heteroaryl-heteroarylcarbonyl, alkyloxyaryloxycarbonyl,arylalkylsulfonyl, arylalkenylsulfonyl, alkoxyarylalkyl,arylthiocarbonyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyloxycarbonyl,cycloheteroalkyloxycarbonyl, or polyhaloalkylaryloxycarbonyl, which maybe optionally substituted.
 11. The compound as defined in claim 5wherein X is CH.
 12. The compound as defined in claim 5 wherein X is N.13. The compound as defined in claim 1 wherein x is 2, m is 1, and nis
 1. 14. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


15. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure

where (CH₂)_(n) is CH₂ or


16. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


17. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


18. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


19. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


20. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


21. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


22. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


23. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


24. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


25. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


26. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


27. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


28. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


29. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


30. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


31. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


32. The compound as defined in claim 1 having the structure


33. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as defined inclaim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor.
 34. A methodfor lowering blood glucose levels which comprises administering to apatient in need of treatment a therapeutically effective amount of acompound as defined in claim
 1. 35. A method for treating diabetes whichcomprises administering to a patient in need of treatment atherapeutically effective amount of a compound as defined in claim 1.36. A method for treating a premalignant disease, an early malignantdisease, a malignant disease, or a dysplastic disease, which comprisesadministering to a patient in need of treatment a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound as defined in claim
 1. 37. Apharmaceutical combination comprising a compound as defined in claim 1and a lipid-lowering agent, a lipid modulating agent, an antidiabeticagent, an anti-obesity agent, an antihypertensive agent, a plateletaggregation inhibitor, and/or an antiosteoporosis agent.
 38. Thepharmaceutical combination as defined in claim 37 comprising saidcompound and an antidiabetic agent.
 39. The combination as defined inclaim 38 wherein the antidiabetic agent is 1, 2, 3 or more of abiguanide, a sulfonyl urea, a glucosidase inhibitor, a PPAR γ agonist, aPPAR α/γ dual agonist, an SGLT2 inhibitor, a DP4 inhibitor, an aP2inhibitor, an insulin sensitizer, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1),insulin and/or a meglitinide.
 40. The combination as defined in claim 39wherein the antidiabetic agent is 1, 2, 3 or more of metformin,glyburide, glimepiride, glipyride, glipizide, chlorpropamide,gliclazide, acarbose, miglitol, pioglitazone, troglitazone,rosiglitazone, insulin, G1-262570, isaglitazone, JTT-501, NN-2344,L895645, YM-440, R-119702, AJ9677, repaglinide, nateglinide, KAD1129,AR-H₀₃₉₂₄₂, GW-409544, KRP297, AC2993, LY315902, P32/98 and/orNVP-DPP-728A.
 41. The combination as defined in claim 38 wherein thecompound is present in a weight ratio to the antidiabetic agent withinthe range from about 0.001 to about 100:1.
 42. The combination asdefined in claim 37 wherein the anti-obesity agent is a beta 3adrenergic agonist, a lipase inhibitor, a serotonin (and dopamine)reuptake inhibitor, a thyroid receptor agonist, an aP2 inhibitor and/oran anorectic agent.
 43. The combination as defined in claim 42 whereinthe anti-obesity agent is orlistat, ATL-962, AJ9677, L750355, CP331648,sibutramine, topiramate, axokine, dexamphetamine, phentermine,phenylpropanolamine, and/or mazindol.
 44. The combination as defined inclaim 37 wherein the lipid lowering agent is an MTP inhibitor, an HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, a squalene synthetase inhibitor, a fibric acidderivative, an upregulator of LDL receptor activity, a lipoxygenaseinhibitor, or an ACAT inhibitor.
 45. The combination as defined in claim44 wherein the lipid lowering agent is pravastatin, lovastatin,simvastatin, atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, itavastatin,visastatin, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, avasimibe, TS-962,MD-700, cholestagel, niacin and/or LY295427.
 46. The combination asdefined in claim 44 wherein the compound is present in a weight ratio tothe lipid-lowering agent within the range from about 0.001:1 to about100:1.
 47. The combination as defined in claim 37 wherein theantihypertensive agent is an ACE inhibitor, angiotensin II receptorantagonist, NEP/ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker and/orβ-adrenergic blocker.
 48. The combination as defined in claim 47 whereinthe antihypertensive agent is an ACE inhibitor which is captopril,fosinopril, enalapril, lisinopril, quinapril, benazepril, fentiapril,ramipril or moexipril; an NEP/ACE inhibitor which is omapatrilat,[S[(R*,R*)]-hexahydro-6-[(2-mercapto-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino]-2,2-dimethyl-7-oxo-1H-azepine-1-aceticacid (gemopatrilat) or CGS 30440; an angiotensin II receptor antagonistwhich is irbesartan, losartan or valsartan; amlodipine besylate,prazosin HCl, verapamil, nifedipine, nadolol, propranolol, carvedilol,or clonidine HCl.
 49. The combination as defined in claim 37 wherein theplatelet aggregation inhibitor is aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine,dipyridamole or ifetroban.
 50. A method for treating insulin resistance,hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, or elevated blood levels of free fattyacids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, Syndrome X, dysmetabolicsyndrome, inflammation, diabetic complications, impaired glucosehomeostasis, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia oratherosclerosis which comprises administering to a mammalian species inneed of treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceuticalcombination as defined in claim
 43. 51. A method for treating irritablebowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, gastric ulceritis or osteroporosis, orpsoriasis, which comprises administering to a mammalian species in needof treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as definedin claim
 1. 52. The method as defined in claim 36 wherein the disease isa liposarcoma or an epithelial tumor.
 53. The method as defined in claim52 wherein the epithelial tumor is a tumor of the breast, prostate,colon, ovaries, stomach or lung.
 54. The method as defined in claim 36wherein the disease is ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast, lobularcarcinoma in situ of the breast, fibroadenoma of the breast, orprostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.